[Footnote 98:  See Di Cesnola, Cyprus, pl. xlv.]

[Footnote 99:  Herod. iii. 136.]

[Footnote 910:  In later times there must have been more sails than one, since Xenophon describes a Phoenician merchant ship as sailing by means of a quantity of rigging, which implies several sails (Xen. OEconom. Sec. 8).]

[Footnote 911:  Scylax. Periplus, Sec. 112.]

[Footnote 912:  Thucyd. i. 13.]

[Footnote 913:  Herod. l.s.c.]

[Footnote 914:  See Herod. vii. 89-94.]

[Footnote 915:  Ibid. vii. 44.]

[Footnote 916:  Ibid. vii. 100.]

[Footnote 917:  Xen. OEconom. Sec. 8, pp. 11-16 (Ed. Schneider).]

[Footnote 918:  Herodotus (iii. 37) says they were at the prow of the ship; but Suidas (ad voc.) and Hesychius (ad voc.) place them at the stern.  Perhaps there was no fixed rule.]

[Footnote 919:  The {pataikoi} of the Greeks probably representes the Hebrew {...}, which is from {...}, “insculpere,” and is applied in Scripture to “carved work” of any kind. (See 1 Kings vi. 29; Ps. lxxiv. 6; &c.) Some, however, derive the word from the Egyptian name Phthah, or Ptah. (See Kenrick, Phoenicia, p. 235.)]

[Footnote 920:  Manilius, i. 304-308.]

[Footnote 921:  Strab. Geograph. xv.]

[Footnote 922:  Tarshish (Tartessus) was on the Atlantic coast, outside the Straits.]

[Footnote 923:  Ezek. xxvii.]

[Footnote 924:  Signified by one of its chief cities, Haran (now Harran).]

[Footnote 925:  Signified by “the house of Togarmarh” (verse 14).]

[Footnote 926:  Ionia, Cyprus, and Hellas are the Greek correspondents of Javan, Chittim, and Elishah, Chittim representing Citium, the capital of Cyprus.]

[Footnote 927:  Spain is intended by “Tarshish” (verse 12) == Tartessus, which was a name given by the Phoenicians to the tract upon the lower Baetis (Guadalquivir).]

[Footnote 928:  See the Speaker’s Commentary, ad loc.]

[Footnote 929:  Strab. xv. 3, Sec. 22.]

[Footnote 930:  Minnith appears as an Ammonite city in the history of Jephthah (Judg. xi. 33).]

[Footnote 931:  Herod. ii. 37, 182; iii. 47.]

[Footnote 932:  See Rawlinson’s Herodotus, ii. 157; History of Ancient Egypt, i. 509; Rosellini, Mon.  Civili, pls. 107-109.]

[Footnote 933:  See Herod. iii. 107; History of Ancient Egypt, ii. 222-224.]

[Footnote 934:  That these were Arabian products appears from Herod. iii. 111, 112.  They may be included in the “chief of all spices,” which Tyre obtained from the merchants of Sheba and Raamah (Ezek. xxvii. 22).]

[Footnote 935:  Arabia has no ebony trees, and can never have produced elephants.]

[Footnote 936:  See Ezek. xxvii. 23, 24.  Canneh and Chilmad were probably Babylonian towns.]