[Footnote 288:  Tristram, Land of Israel, p. 51.]

[Footnote 289:  Wilksinson, in Rawlinson’s Herodotus, ii. 347, note 2.]

[Footnote 290:  Canon Tristram writs:  “Among the rubbish thrown out in the excavations made at Tyre were numerous fragments of glass, and whole ‘kitchen middens’ of shells, crushed and broken, the owners of which had once supplied the famous Tyrian purple dye.  All these shells were of one species, the Murex brandaris” (Land of Israel, p. 51).]

[Footnote 291:  Porter, in Dict. of the Bible, ii. 87.]

[Footnote 292:  Kenrick, Phoenicia, p. 37.]

[Footnote 293:  Tristram, p. 634.]

[Footnote 294:  Grove, in Dict. of the Bible, i. 279.]

III—­THE PEOPLE—­ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS

[Footnote 31:  Histoire des Languages Semitiques, p. 22.]

[Footnote 32:  Rhet. iii. 8.]

[Footnote 33:  Deutsch, Literary Remains, p. 160.]

[Footnote 34:  Renan, Hist. des Langues Semitiques, pp. 5, 14.]

[Footnote 35:  Ibid. p. 16.]

[Footnote 36:  Deutsch, Literary Remains, p. 305.]

[Footnote 37:  Ibid.]

[Footnote 38:  Ancient Monarchies, i. 275; Deutsch, p. 306.]

[Footnote 39:  Herod. i. 2; vii. 89.]

[Footnote 310:  Strab. xvi. 3, Sec. 4.]

[Footnote 311:  Hist.  Philipp. xviii. 3, Sec. 2.]

[Footnote 312:  Ancient Monarchies, i. 14.]

[Footnote 313:  Renan, Histoire des Langues Semitiques, p. 183.]

[Footnote 314:  Deutsch, Literary Remains, pp. 162, 163.]

[Footnote 315:  Herod. vi. 47:—­{’Oros mega anestrammenon en te zetesei}.]

[Footnote 316:  On this imaginary “monsters,” see Herod. vi. 44.]

[Footnote 317:  Ibid. iv. 42.]

[Footnote 318:  Herod. vii. 85.]

[Footnote 319:  Ibid. ii. 112.]

[Footnote 320:  1 Kings xi. 1.]

[Footnote 321:  Ibid. xvi. 31.]

[Footnote 322:  Ezra iii. 7.]

[Footnote 323:  Is. xxiii. 15-18.]

[Footnote 324:  Mark vii. 26-30.]

[Footnote 325:  Acts xii. 20.]

[Footnote 326:  Herod. iv. 196.]

[Footnote 327:  Herod, i. 1:—­{Perseon oi Lagioi}.]

[Footnote 328:  Ibid. ii. 190.]

[Footnote 329:  Ibid. ii. 4, 99, 142.]

[Footnote 330:  Ibid. i. 1; iv. 42; vi. 47; vii. 23, 44, 96.]

[Footnote 331:  As they do of being indebted to the Babylonians and the Egyptians for astronomical and philosophic knowledge.]

[Footnote 332:  Deutsch, Literary Remains, p. 163.]

[Footnote 333:  Ibid.]

[Footnote 334:  Compare the representation of Egyptian ships in Duemichen’s Voyage d’une Reine Egyptienne (date about B.C. 1400) with the far later Phoenician triremes depicted by Sennacherib (Layard, Monuments of Nineveh, second series, pl. 71).]