History of Phoenicia eBook

George Rawlinson
This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 508 pages of information about History of Phoenicia.

History of Phoenicia eBook

George Rawlinson
This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 508 pages of information about History of Phoenicia.

For ornaments the male Phoenicians wore collars, which were sometimes very elaborate, armlets, bracelets, and probably finger-rings.  The collars resembled those of the Egyptians, being arranged in three rows, and falling far over the breast.[0129] The armlets seem to have been plain, consisting of a mere twist of metal, once, twice, or thrice around the limb.[1210] The royal armlets of Etyander, king of Paphos, are single twists of gold, the ends of which only just overlap:  they are plain, except for the inscription, which reads Eteadoro to Papo basileos, or “The property of Etyander, king of Paphos."[1211] Men’s bracelets were similar in character.  The finger-rings were either of gold or silver, and generally set with a stone, which bore a device, and which the wearer used as a seal.[1212]

The most elaborate male costume which has come down to us is that of a figure found at Golgi, and believed to represent a high priest of Ashtoreth.  The conical head-dress is divided into partitions by narrow stripes, which, beginning at its lower edge, converge to a point at top.  This point is crowned by the representation of a calf’s or bull’s head.  The main garment is a long robe reaching from the neck to the feet, “worn in much the same manner as the peplos on early Greek female figures.”  Round the neck of the robe are two rows of stars painted in red, probably meant to represent embroidery.  A little below the knee is another band of embroidery, from which the robe falls in folds or pleats, which gather closely around the legs.  Above the long robe is worn a mantle, which covers the right arm and shoulder, and thence hangs down below the right knee, passing also in many folds from the shoulder across the breast, and thence, after a twist around the left arm, falling down below the left knee.  The treatment of the hair is remarkable.  Below the rim of the cap is the usual row of crisp curls; but besides these, there depend from behind the ears on either side of the neck three long tresses.  The feet of the figure are naked.  The right hand holds a cup by its foot between the middle and fore-fingers, while the left holds a dove with wings outspread.[1213]

Women were, for the most part, draped very carefully from head to foot.  The nude figures which are found abundantly in the Phoenician remains[1214] are figures of goddesses, especially of Astarte, who were considered not to need the ornament, or the concealment of dress.  Human female figures are in almost every case covered from the neck to the feet, generally in garments with many folds, which, however, are arranged very variously.  Sometimes a single robe of the amplest dimensions seems to envelop the whole form, which it completely conceals with heavy folds of drapery.[1215] The long petticoat is sleeved, and gathered into a sinus below the breasts, about which it hangs loosely.  Sometimes, on the contrary, the petticoat is perfectly plain, and has no folds.[1216] Occasionally a second garment is worn over the gown or robe, which covers the left shoulder and the lap, descending to the knees, or somewhat lower.[1217] The waist is generally confined by a girdle, which is knotted in front.[1218] There are a few instances in which the feet are enclosed in sandals.[1219]

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History of Phoenicia from Project Gutenberg. Public domain.