each ensuing move.  A few moves having been made, no step is certain.  Different spectators of the game would advise different moves.  All is then dependent upon the variable judgment of the players.  Now even granting (what should not be granted) that the movements of the Automaton Chess-Player were in themselves determinate, they would be necessarily interrupted and disarranged by the indeterminate will of his antagonist.  There is then no analogy whatever between the operations of the Chess-Player, and those of the calculating machine of Mr. Babbage, and if we choose to call the former a pure machine we must be prepared to admit that it is, beyond all comparison, the most wonderful of the inventions of mankind.  Its original projector, however, Baron Kempelen, had no scruple in declaring it to be a “very ordinary piece of mechanism—­a bagatelle whose effects appeared so marvellous only from the boldness of the conception, and the fortunate choice of the methods adopted for promoting the illusion.”  But it is needless to dwell upon this point.  It is quite certain that the operations of the Automaton are regulated by mind, and by nothing else.  Indeed this matter is susceptible of a mathematical demonstration, a priori. The only question then is of the manner in which human agency is brought to bear.  Before entering upon this subject it would be as well to give a brief history and description of the Chess-Player for the benefit of such of our readers as may never have had an opportunity of witnessing Mr. Maelzel’s exhibition.

The Automaton Chess-Player was invented in 1769, by Baron Kempelen, a nobleman of Presburg, in Hungary, who afterwards disposed of it, together with the secret of its operations, to its present possessor. {2*} Soon after its completion it was exhibited in Presburg, Paris, Vienna, and other continental cities.  In 1783 and 1784, it was taken to London by Mr. Maelzel.  Of late years it has visited the principal towns in the United States.  Wherever seen, the most intense curiosity was excited by its appearance, and numerous have been the attempts, by men of all classes, to fathom the mystery of its evolutions.  The cut on this page gives a tolerable representation of the figure as seen by the citizens of Richmond a few weeks ago.  The right arm, however, should lie more at length upon the box, a chess-board should appear upon it, and the cushion should not be seen while the pipe is held.  Some immaterial alterations have been made in the costume of the player since it came into the possession of Maelzel—­the plume, for example, was not originally worn. {image of automaton}