Against this bitter shrewdness and bleak realism in the suffering classes it is commonly supposed that the more leisured classes stand for certain legitimate ideas which also have their place in life; such as history, reverence, the love of the land.  Well, it might be no bad thing to have something, even if it were something narrow, that testified to the truths of religion or patriotism.  But such narrow things in the past have always at least known their own history; the bigot knew his catechism; the patriot knew his way home.  The astonishing thing about the modern rich is their real and sincere ignorance—­especially of the things they like.

No!

Take the most topical case you can find in any drawing-room:  Belfast.  Ulster is most assuredly a matter of history; and there is a sense in which Orange resistance is a matter of religion.  But go and ask any of the five hundred fluttering ladies at a garden party (who find Carson so splendid and Belfast so thrilling) what it is all about, when it began, where it came from, what it really maintains?  What was the history of Ulster?  What is the religion of Belfast?  Do any of them know where Ulstermen were in Grattan’s time; do any of them know what was the “Protestantism” that came from Scotland to that isle; could any of them tell what part of the old Catholic system it really denied?

It was generally something that the fluttering ladies find in their own Anglican churches every Sunday.  It were vain to ask them to state the doctrines of the Calvinist creed; they could not state the doctrines of their own creed.  It were vain to tell them to read the history of Ireland; they have never read the history of England.  It would matter as little that they do not know these things, as that I do not know German; but then German is not the only thing I am supposed to know.  History and ritual are the only things aristocrats are supposed to know; and they don’t know them.

Smile and Smile

I am not fed on turtle soup and Tokay because of my exquisite intimacy with the style and idiom of Heine and Richter.  The English governing class is fed on turtle soup and Tokay to represent the past, of which it is literally ignorant, as I am of German irregular verbs; and to represent the religious traditions of the State, when it does not know three words of theology, as I do not know three words of German.

This is the last insult offered by the proud to the humble.  They rule them by the smiling terror of an ancient secret.  They smile and smile; but they have forgotten the secret.

THE SYMBOLISM OF KRUPP