In these articles I only take two or three examples of the first and fundamental fact of our time.  I mean the fact that the capitalists of our community are becoming quite openly the kings of it.  In my last (and first) article, I took the case of Art and advertisement.  I pointed out that Art must be growing worse—­merely because advertisement is growing better.  In those days Millais condescended to Pears’ soap.  In these days I really think it would be Pears who condescended to Millais.  But here I turn to an art I know more about, that of journalism.  Only in my ease the art verges on artlessness.

The great difficulty with the English lies in the absence of something one may call democratic imagination.  We find it easy to realise an individual, but very hard to realise that the great masses consist of individuals.  Our system has been aristocratic:  in the special sense of there being only a few actors on the stage.  And the back scene is kept quite dark, though it is really a throng of faces.  Home Rule tended to be not so much the Irish as the Grand Old Man.  The Boer War tended not to be so much South Africa as simply “Joe.”  And it is the amusing but distressing fact that every class of political leadership, as it comes to the front in its turn, catches the rays of this isolating lime-light; and becomes a small aristocracy.  Certainly no one has the aristocratic complaint so badly as the Labour Party.  At the recent Congress, the real difference between Larkin and the English Labour leaders was not so much in anything right or wrong in what he said, as in something elemental and even mystical in the way he suggested a mob.  But it must be plain, even to those who agree with the more official policy, that for Mr. Havelock Wilson the principal question was Mr. Havelock Wilson; and that Mr. Sexton was mainly considering the dignity and fine feelings of Mr. Sexton.  You may say they were as sensitive as aristocrats, or as sulky as babies; the point is that the feeling was personal.  But Larkin, like Danton, not only talks like ten thousand men talking, but he also has some of the carelessness of the colossus of Arcis; “Que mon nom soit fletri, que la France soit libre.”

A Dance of Degradation

It is needless to say that this respecting of persons has led all the other parties a dance of degradation.  We ruin South Africa because it would be a slight on Lord Gladstone to save South Africa.  We have a bad army, because it would be a snub to Lord Haldane to have a good army.  And no Tory is allowed to say “Marconi” for fear Mr. George should say “Kynoch.”  But this curious personal element, with its appalling lack of patriotism, has appeared in a new and curious form in another department of life; the department of literature, especially periodical literature.  And the form it takes is the next example I shall give of the way in which the capitalists are now appearing, more and more openly, as the masters and princes of the community.