When Sariputtra was a great Brahman, he went to Buddha, and begged (to be permitted) to quit his family (and become a monk).  The great Mugalan and the great Kasyapa(17) also did the same.  The bhikshunis(18) for the most part make their offerings at the tope of Ananda, because it was he who requested the World-honoured one to allow females to quit their families (and become nuns).  The Sramaneras(19) mostly make their offerings to Rahula.(20) The professors of the Abhidharma make their offerings to it; those of the Vinaya to it.  Every year there is one such offering, and each class has its own day for it.  Students of the mahayana present offerings to the Prajna-paramita,(21) to Manjusri,(22) and to Kwan-she-yin.(23) When the monks have done receiving their annual tribute (from the harvests),(24) the Heads of the Vaisyas and all the Brahmans bring clothes and other such articles as the monks require for use, and distribute among them.  The monks, having received them, also proceed to give portions to one another.  From the nirvana of Buddha,(25) the forms of ceremony, laws, and rules, practised by the sacred communities, have been handed down from one generation to another without interruption.

From the place where (the travellers) crossed the Indus to Southern India, and on to the Southern Sea, a distance of forty or fifty thousand le, all is level plain.  There are no large hills with streams (among them); there are simply the waters of the rivers.

   Notes

   (1) Muttra, “the peacock city;” lat. 27d 30s N., lon. 77d 43s E. 
   (Hunter); the birthplace of Krishna, whose emblem is the peacock.

   (2) This must be the Jumna, or Yamuna.  Why it is called, as here, the
   P’oo-na has yet to be explained.

   (3) In Pali, Majjhima-desa, “the Middle Country.”  See Davids’
   “Buddhist Birth Stories,” page 61, note.

(4) Eitel (pp. 145, 6) says, “The name Chandalas is explained by ‘butchers,’ ‘wicked men,’ and those who carry ‘the awful flag,’ to warn off their betters;—­the lowest and most despised caste of India, members of which, however, when converted, were admitted even into the ranks of the priesthood.”

   (5) “Cowries;” {.} {.}, not “shells and ivory,” as one might suppose;
   but cowries alone, the second term entering into the name from the
   marks inside the edge of the shell, resembling “the teeth of fishes.”

   (6) See chapter xii, note 3, Buddha’s pari-nirvana is equivalent to
   Buddha’s death.

   (7) See chapter xiii, note 6.  The order of the characters is different
   here, but with the same meaning.