“Who’s one to pray to?” asked the old man quickly, in a determinately aggressive tone.

“To whom?  To God, of course,” said the driver sarcastically.

“And you just show me where he is, that god.”  There was something so serious and firm in the expression of the old man, that the driver felt that he had to do with a strong-minded man, and was a bit abashed.  And trying not to show this, not to be silenced, and not to be put to shame before the crowd that was observing them, he answered quickly.

“Where?  In heaven, of course.”

“And have you been up there?”

“Whether I’ve been or not, every one knows that you must pray to God.”

“No one has ever seen God at any time.  The only begotten Son who is in the bosom of the Father he hath declared him,” said the old man in the same rapid manner, and with a severe frown on his brow.

“It’s clear you are not a Christian, but a hole worshipper.  You pray to a hole,” said the driver, shoving the handle of his whip into his girdle, pulling straight the harness on one of the horses.

Some one laughed.

“What is your faith, Dad?” asked a middle-aged man, who stood by his cart on the same side of the raft.

“I have no kind of faith, because I believe no one—­no one but myself,” said the old man as quickly and decidedly as before.

“How can you believe yourself?” Nekhludoff asked, entering into a conversation with him.  “You might make a mistake.”

“Never in your life,” the old man said decidedly, with a toss of his head.

“Then why are there different faiths?” Nekhludoff asked.

“It’s just because men believe others and do not believe themselves that there are different faiths.  I also believed others, and lost myself as in a swamp,—­lost myself so that I had no hope of finding my way out.  Old believers and new believers and Judaisers and Khlysty and Popovitzy, and Bespopovitzy and Avstriaks and Molokans and Skoptzy—­every faith praises itself only, and so they all creep about like blind puppies.  There are many faiths, but the spirit is one—­in me and in you and in him.  So that if every one believes himself all will be united.  Every one he himself, and all will be as one.”

The old man spoke loudly and often looked round, evidently wishing that as many as possible should hear him.

“And have you long held this faith?”

“I?  A long time.  This is the twenty-third year that they persecute me.”

“Persecute you?  How?”

“As they persecuted Christ, so they persecute me.  They seize me, and take me before the courts and before the priests, the Scribes and the Pharisees.  Once they put me into a madhouse; but they can do nothing because I am free.  They say, ‘What is your name?’ thinking I shall name myself.  But I do not give myself a name.  I have given up everything:  I have no name, no place, no country,