him as a citizen on an equal rank with the most wealthy fellow-man that may employ or accost him.  But, being so inferior in that coat, hat, and boots matter, he is forced to assert his equality by some effort.  As he improves in externals, he will diminish the roughness of his claim.  As long as the man makes his claim with any roughness, so long does he acknowledge within himself some feeling of external inferiority.  When that has gone—­when the American has polished himself up by education and general well-being to a feeling of external equality with gentlemen, he shows, I think, no more of that outward braggadocio of independence than a Frenchman.

But the blow at the moment of the stroke is very galling.  I confess that I have occasionally all but broken down beneath it.  But when it is thought of afterward it admits of full excuse.  No effort that a man can make is better than a true effort at independence.  But this insolence is a false effort, it will be said.  It should rather be called a false accompaniment to a life-long true effort.  The man probably is not dishonest, does not desire to shirk any service which is due from him, is not even inclined to insolence.  Accept his first declaration of equality for that which it is intended to represent, and the man afterward will be found obliging and communicative.  If occasion offer he will sit down in the room with you, and will talk with you on any subject that he may choose; but having once ascertained that you show no resentment for this assertion of equality, he will do pretty nearly all that is asked.  He will at any rate do as much in that way as an Englishman.  I say thus much on this subject now especially, because I was quite as much struck by the feeling in Canada as I was within the States.

From Prescott we went on by the Grand Trunk Railway to Toronto, and stayed there for a few days.  Toronto is the capital of the province of Upper Canada, and I presume will in some degree remain so, in spite of Ottawa and its pretensions.  That is, the law courts will still be held there.  I do not know that it will enjoy any other supremacy unless it be that of trade and population.  Some few years ago Toronto was advancing with rapid strides, and was bidding fair to rival Quebec, or even perhaps Montreal.  Hamilton also, another town of Upper Canada, was going ahead in the true American style; but then reverses came in trade, and the towns were checked for awhile.  Toronto, with a neighboring suburb which is a part of it, as Southwark is of London, contains now over 50,000 inhabitants.  The streets are all parallelogramical, and there is not a single curvature to rest the eye.  It is built down close upon Lake Ontario; and as it is also on the Grand Trunk Railway, it has all the aid which facility of traffic can give it.