I think it is plain that the remnant of the Union was bound to take up arms against those States which had illegally torn themselves off from her; and if so, she could only do so with such weapons as were at her hand.  The United States army had never been numerous or well appointed; and of such officers and equipments as it possessed, the more valuable part was in the hands of the Southerners.  It was clear enough that she was ill provided, and that in going to war she was undertaking a work as to which she had still to learn many of the rudiments.  But Englishmen should be the last to twit her with such ignorance.  It is not yet ten years since we were all boasting that swords and guns were useless things, and that military expenditure might be cut down to any minimum figure that an economizing Chancellor of the Exchequer could name.  Since that we have extemporized two if not three armies.  There are our volunteers at home; and the army which holds India can hardly be considered as one with that which is to maintain our prestige in Europe and the West.  We made some natural blunders in the Crimea, but in making those blunders we taught ourselves the trade.  It is the misfortune of the Northern States that they must learn these lessons in fighting their own countrymen.  In the course of our history we have suffered the same calamity more than once.  The Round-heads, who beat the Cavaliers and created English liberty, made themselves soldiers on the bodies of their countrymen.  But England was not ruined by that civil war; nor was she ruined by those which preceded it.  From out of these she came forth stronger than she entered them—­stronger, better, and more fit for a great destiny in the history of nations.  The Northern States had nearly five hundred thousand men under arms when the winter of 1861 commenced, and for that enormous multitude all commissariat requirements were well supplied.  Camps and barracks sprang up through the country as though by magic.  Clothing was obtained with a rapidity that has I think, never been equaled.  The country had not been prepared for the fabrication of arms, and yet arms were put into the men’s hands almost as quickly as the regiments could be mustered.  The eighteen millions of the Northern States lent themselves to the effort as one man.  Each State gave the best it had to give.  Newspapers were as rabid against each other as ever, but no newspaper could live which did not support the war.  “The South has rebelled against the law, and the law shall be supported.”  This has been the cry and the heartfelt feeling of all men; and it is a feeling which cannot but inspire respect.