that there must be soldiers; but as to every separate soldier I regret that he should be one of them.  And the higher is the class from which such soldiers are drawn, the greater the intelligence of the men so to be employed, the deeper with me is that feeling of regret.  But this strikes one much less in an old country than in a country that is new.  In the old countries population is thick and food sometimes scarce.  Men can be spared; and any employment may be serviceable, even though that employment be in itself so unproductive as that of fighting battles or preparing for them.  But in the Western States of America every arm that can guide a plow is of incalculable value.  Minnesota was admitted as a State about three years before this time, and its whole population is not much above 150,000.  Of this number perhaps 40,000 may be working men.  And now this infant State, with its huge territory and scanty population, is called upon to send its heart’s blood out to the war.

And it has sent its heart’s best blood.  Forth they came—­fine, stalwart, well-grown fellows—­looking, to my eye, as though they had as yet but faintly recognized the necessary severity of military discipline.  To them hitherto the war had seemed to be an arena on which each might do something for his country which that country would recognize.  To themselves as yet—­and to me also—­ they were a band of heroes, to be reduced by the compressing power of military discipline to the lower level, but more necessary position, of a regiment of soldiers.  Ah, me! how terrible to them has been the breaking up of that delusion!  When a poor yokel in England is enlisted with a shilling and a promise of unlimited beer and glory, one pities, and, if possible, would save him.  But with him the mode of life to which he goes may not be much inferior to that he leaves.  It may be that for him soldiering is the best trade possible in his circumstances.  It may keep him from the hen-roosts, and perhaps from his neighbors’ pantries; and discipline may be good for him.  Population is thick with us; and there are many whom it may be well to collect and make available under the strictest surveillance.  But of these men whom I saw entering on their career upon the banks of the Mississippi, many were fathers of families, many were owners of lands, many were educated men capable of high aspirations—­all were serviceable members of their State.  There were probably there not three or four of whom it would be well that the State should be rid.  As soldiers, fit or capable of being made fit for the duties they had undertaken, I could find but one fault with them.  Their average age was too high.  There were men among them with grizzled beards, and many who had counted thirty, thirty-five, and forty years.  They had, I believe, devoted themselves with a true spirit of patriotism.  No doubt each had some ulterior hope as to himself, as has every mortal patriot.  Regulus, when he returned hopeless to Carthage, trusted that some Horace would tell his story.  Each of these men from Minnesota looked probably forward to his reward; but the reward desired was of a high class.