52.  Is it possible to form true universal propositions about facts if we have not actually observed all the individuals designated by the subject of the proposition?  If so, how? [S]

53.  “Perfect induction is demonstrative and syllogistic; imperfect induction is neither.”  Explain the difference between perfect and imperfect induction, and examine the truth of this assertion. [S]

54.  Why is it that one should not regard night as the cause, nor even as a universal condition of day?  Explain “cause” and “condition.” [S]

55.  What do you understand by an experiment?  Can you say how many experiments are required to establish (1) a fact, (2) a law of nature?

56.  How would you define antecedent, cause, effect, consequent? [S]

57.  England is the richest country in the world, and has a gold currency.  Russia and India, in proportion to population, are poor countries and have little or no gold currency.  How far are such kind of facts logically sufficient to prove that a gold currency is the cause of a nation’s wealth? [S]

58.  A man having been shot through the heart immediately falls dead.  Investigate the logical value of such a fact as proving that all men shot through the heart will fall dead. [S]

59.  Explain the process of induction called the Method of Difference, and give some new instances of its application.  How is it related to the Method of Concomitant Variations?  What is the Major Premise implied in all these methods? [S]

59A.  Examine the position, that the Canons of Experiment are useless, because the work of preparing the experiments must have been done before the canons can be applied.

60.  Explain the logical cogency of experiments in the search for physical causes. [S]

61.  If the effects of A B C D are fully expressed by a b c d, and those of B C D by b c d, what inductive inference can be drawn and on what principle?  State the canon according to which it is drawn. [S]

62.  Compare the advantage of observation and experiment as means of gaining data for Reasoning. [S]

63.  Compare the cogency of different Inductive Methods, showing the kind of evidence each requires, and the principle on which it is based. [S]

64.  Compare the Canons of Agreement and Difference (1) as to the difficulty of finding or preparing actual Instances for them, and (2) as to their conclusiveness.

65.  Describe what is meant by residual phenomena, and estimate their value in inductive science. [S]

66.  What is the argument from Analogy?  How does it differ from (a) Induction, (b) metaphorical argument? [S]

67.  What are the various senses in which the word Analogy has been used?  Distinguish, giving instances, between good and bad analogies. [S]

68.  How do you distinguish between what Mill calls the Geometrical, Physical, and Historical Methods?