The following questions are chiefly taken from public examination papers:  Civil Service [S], Oxford [O], Cambridge [C], London [L].

I. TERMS, ETC.

1.  What is a Term?  Explain and illustrate the chief divisions of Terms.  What is meant by the Connotation of a Term?  Illustrate. [S]

2.  “The connotation and denotation of terms vary inversely.”  Examine this assertion, explaining carefully the limits within which it is true, if at all. [S]

3.  Exemplify the false reasoning arising from the confusion of Contrary and Contradictory Terms. [S]

4.  Discuss the claims of the doctrine of Terms to be included in a Logical System.  Distinguish between a General and an Abstract Term. [S]

5.  Explain and illustrate what is meant by the Denotation and Connotation of a Term.  What terms have both, and what have one only? [S]

6.  Distinguish between Abstract and Concrete Names.  To which of these classes belong (a) adjectives, (b) names of states of consciousness?  Are any abstract names connotative? [S]

7.  Distinguish between (a) Proper and Singular Terms, (b) Negative and Privative, (c) Absolute and Relative.  Illustrate.

8.  What connection is there between the Connotation and the Relativity of Names?

9.  Examine the logical relations between the following pairs of terms:  (a) happy and happiness; (b) happy and unhappy; (c) ‘the juryman’ and ‘the jury’; (d) parent and offspring.

Explain the technical words used in your answer. [C]

10.  Distinguish between name; part of speech; term:  and illustrate by reference to the following—­use, useful, usefully. [C]

11.  Describe the nature of Collective terms; examine in particular any difficulties in distinguishing between these and general or abstract terms. [C]

12.  Distinguish between positive, negative, and privative names.  Of what kind are the following, and why—­parallel, alien, idle, unhappy?  What ambiguity is there in the use of such a term as “not-white”? [C]

II.  PROPOSITIONS AND IMMEDIATE INFERENCE.

13.  What is meant by (1) the Conversion, and (2) the Contra-position of a proposition?  Apply these processes, as far as admissible, to the following:—­

    (a) All invertebrates have cold blood.

    (b) Some cold-blooded animals are not invertebrates.

    (c) No wingless birds are songsters.

    (d) Some winged birds are not songsters.

What can you infer from (a) and (b) jointly, and what from (c) and (d) jointly? [S]

14.  “The author actually supposes that, because Professor Fawcett denies that all wealth is money, he denies that all money is wealth.”  Analyse the differences of opinion implied in the above passage. [S]