The philosophy of correction may be found in the doctrine of original sin.  Every child of Adam has a nature that is corrupted; it is a soil in which pride in all its forms and with all its cortege of vices takes strong and ready root.  This growth crops out into stubbornness, selfishness, a horror of restraint, effort and self-denial; mischief, and a spirit of rebellion and destruction.  In its native state, untouched by the rod of discipline, the child is wild.  Now, you must force a crooked tree to grow straight; you must break a wild colt to domesticate it, and you must whip a wild boy to make him fit for the company of civilized people.  Being self-willed, he will seek to follow the bent of his own inclinations; without intelligence or experience and by nature prone to evil, he will follow the wrong path; and the habits acquired in youth, the faults developed he will carry through life to his own and the misery of others.  He therefore requires training and a substitute for judgment; and according to the Holy Ghost, the rod furnishes both.  In the majority of cases nothing can supply it.

This theory has held good in all the ages of the world, and unless the species has “evolved” by extraordinary leaps and bounds within the last fifty years, it holds good to-day, modern nursery milk-and-honey discipline to the contrary notwithstanding.  It may be hard on the youngster—­it was hard on us!—­but the difficulty is only temporary; and difficulty, some genius has said, is the nurse of greatness, a harsh nurse, who roughly rocks her foster-children into strength and athletic proportions.

The great point is that this treatment be given in time, when it is possible to administer it with success and fruit.  The ordinary child does not need Oft-repeated doses; a firm hand and a vigorous application go a long way, in most cases.  Half-hearted, milk-and-water castigation, like physic, should be thrown to the dogs.  Long threatenings spoil the operation; they betray weakness which the child is the first to discover.  And without being brutal, it is well that the chastisement be such as will linger somewhat longer in the memory than in the sensibility.

The defects that deserve this corrective especially are insubordination, sulkiness and sullenness; it is good to stir up the lazy; it is necessary to instil in the child’s mind a saving sense of its own inferiority and to inculcate lessons of humility, self-effacement and self-denial.  It should scourge dishonesty and lying.  The bear licks its cub into shape; let the parent go to the bear, inquire of its ways and be wise.  His children will then have a moral shape and a form of character that will stand them in good stead in after life; and they will give thanks in proportion to the pain inflicted during the process of formation.

CHAPTER LXVII.  JUSTICE AND RIGHTS.

Justice is a virtue by which we render unto every man that which to him is due.  Among equals, it is called commutative justice, the which alone is here in question.  It protects us in the enjoyment of our own rights, and imposes upon us the obligation of respecting the rights of our fellow-men.  This, of course, supposes that we have certain rights and that we know what a right is.  But what is a right?