The provisions of this law consider the nature of our being, that is, the law prescribes what the necessities of our being demand, and it prohibits what is destructive thereof.  Our nature requires physically that we eat, drink and sleep.  Similarly, in a moral sense, it calls for justice, truthfulness, respect of God, of the neighbor, and of self.  All its precepts are summed up in this one:  “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you”—­the golden rule.  Thence flows a series of deducted precepts calculated to protect the moral and inherent rights of our nature.

But we are more concerned here with what is known as the positive Law of God, given by Him to man by word of mouth or revelation.

We believe that God gave a verbal code to Moses who promulgated it in His name before the Jewish people to the whole world.  It was subsequently inscribed on two stone tables, and is known as the Decalogue or Ten Commandments of God.  Of these ten, the first three pertain to God Himself, the latter seven to the neighbor; so that the whole might be abridged in these two words, “Love God, and love thy neighbor.”  This law is in reality only a specified form of the natural law, and its enactment was necessitated by the iniquity of men which had in time obscured and partly effaced the letter of the law in their souls.

Latterly God again spoke, but this time in the person of Jesus Christ.  The Saviour, after confirming the Decalogue with His authority, gave other laws to men concerning the Church He had founded and the means of applying to themselves the fruits of the Redemption.  We give the name of dogma to what He tells us to believe and of morals to what we must do.  These precepts of Jesus Christ are contained in the Gospel, and are called the Evangelical Law.  It is made known to us by the infallible Church through which God speaks.

Akin to these divine laws is the purely ecclesiastical law or law of the Church.  Christ sent forth His Church clothed with His own and His Father’s authority.  “As the Father sent me, so I send you.”  She was to endure, perfect herself and fulfil her mission on earth.  To enable her to carry out this divine plan she makes laws, laws purely ecclesiastical, but laws that have the same binding force as the divine laws themselves, since they bear the stamp of divine authority.  God willed the Church to be; He willed consequently all the necessary means without which she would cease to be.  For Catholics, therefore, as far as obligations are concerned, there is no practical difference between God’s law and the law of His Church.  Jesus Christ is God.  The Church is His spouse.  To her the Saviour said:  “He that heareth you, heareth me, and he that despiseth you despiseth Me.”

A breach of the law is a sin.  A sin is a deliberate transgression of the Law of God.  A sin may be committed in thought, in desire, in word, or in deed, and by omission as well as by commission.