[66] To this State socialism apply most of the individualist and anarchist objections of Spencer In “Man vs.  State.”  D. Appleton & Co., New York.

You will recall on this subject the celebrated debate between Spencer and Laveleye:  “The State and the Individual or Social Darwinism and Christianity,” in the “Contemporary Review,” 1885.

Lafargue has also replied to Spencer, but has not pointed out the fact that Spencer’s criticisms apply, not to democratic socialism, our socialism, but to State socialism.

See also CICCOTTI on this subject.

[67] At the moment when I was correcting the proofs of the Italian edition of this work, M. Crispi had just proposed the “exceptional laws for the public safety,” which, using the outrages of the anarchists as a pretext, aimed by this method to strike a blow at and to suppress socialism.

Repressive laws can suppress men, but not ideas.  Has the failure of the exceptional laws against the socialist party in Germany been forgotten?

It is possible to increase the number of crimes, to suppress public liberties ... but that is no remedy.  Socialism will continue its forward march just the same.

[68] LOMBROSO and LASCHI, Le Crime politique, etc., and the monograph of ELISEE RECLUS, Evolution et Revolution.

[69] WALTER BAGEHOT, Physics and Politics.  D. Appleton & Co.

[70] It is this lack of even elementary knowledge of geology, biology, etc., which makes the vague ideal of anarchy so attractive to many men or the people with really bright minds, but with no scientific training, even though they repudiate the employment of violent methods.

In my opinion a more wide-spread instruction in the natural sciences—­together with their substitution for the classics—­would do more than any repressive laws to suppress the outrages of anarchy.

[71] HAMON, Les Hommes et les theories de l’anarchie, Paris, 1893.—­LOMBROSO, Ultime scoperte ed applicazioni dell’ antropologia criminale, Turin, 1893.

[72] At the moment when I was correcting the proofs of the Italian edition of this book, the emotion had not yet subsided which grew out of the harmless attack upon Crispi, at Rome, on the 16th of June, and especially the much keener emotion produced by the death of the President of the French Republic, Sadi Carnot, on the 24th of June.

I reproduce here, as documentary evidence, the declaration published by a section of the Socialist Party of Italian Workers in the Secolo of the 27-28 June, and distributed by thousands in Milan as a manifesto, and which was not mentioned by either the Conservative or the Progressive newspapers, who tried by their silence to perpetrate the confusion between socialism and anarchy.

Here is the declaration: