went and took his boys to Presbyterian public worship—their
mother was an Episcopalian and his own parents had
been Baptists. He loved the Bible and knew it
intimately—he is said also by the way to
have stored in his memory a large number of hymns.
In the year before his death he wrote to Speed:
“I am profitably engaged in reading the Bible.
Take all of this book upon reason that you can and
the balance upon faith and you will live and die a
better man.” It was not so much the Old
Testament as the New Testament and what he called “the
true spirit of Christ” that he loved especially,
and took with all possible seriousness as the rule
of life. His theology, in the narrower sense,
may be said to have been limited to an intense belief
in a vast and over-ruling Providence—the
lighter forms of superstitious feelings which he is
known to have had in common with most frontiersmen
were apparently of no importance in his life.
And this Providence, darkly spoken of, was certainly
conceived by him as intimately and kindly related
to his own life. In his Presidential candidature,
when he owned to some one that the opposition of clergymen
hurt him deeply, he is said to have confessed to being
no Christian and to have continued, “I know
that there is a God and that He hates injustice and
slavery. I see the storm coming and I know that
His hand is in it. If He has a place and work
for me, and I think He has, I believe I am ready.
I am nothing, but truth is everything; I know I am
right because I know that liberty is right, for Christ
teaches it, and Christ is God. I have told them
that a house divided against itself cannot stand, and
Christ and reason say the same, and they will find
it so.” When old acquaintances said that
he had no religion they based their opinion on such
remarks as that the God, of whom he had just been speaking
solemnly, was “not a person.” It
would be unprofitable to enquire what he, and many
others, meant by this expression, but, later at any
rate, this “impersonal” power was one
with which he could hold commune. His robust
intellect, impatient of unproved assertion, was unlikely
to rest in the common assumption that things dimly
seen may be treated as not being there. So humorous
a man was also unlikely to be too conceited to say
his prayers. At any rate he said them; said them
intently; valued the fact that others prayed for him
and for the nation; and, as in official Proclamations
(concerning days of national religious observance)
he could wield, like no other modern writer, the language
of the Prayer Book, so he would speak of prayer without
the smallest embarrassment in talk with a general
or a statesman. It is possible that this was
a development of later years. Lincoln did not,
like most of us, arrest his growth. To Mrs.
Lincoln it seemed that with the death of their child,
Willie, a change came over his whole religious outlook.
It well might; and since that grief, which came while
his troubles were beginning, much else had come to