[5] “For France and the Faith,” Letters of Alfred Eugene Casalis, Association Press.

APPENDIX I

EXTRACTS FROM “ETERNAL PEACE”

BY

IMMANUEL KANT

“No conclusion of peace shall be held to be valid as such when it has been made with the secret reservation of the material for a future war.  No State having an existence by itself—­whether it be small or large—­shall be acquired by another State through inheritance, exchange, purchase, or donation.  A State is not to be regarded as property or patrimony, like the soil on which it may be settled.  Standing armies shall be entirely abolished in the course of time.  For they threaten other States incessantly with war by their appearing to be always equipped to enter upon it.  No State shall intermeddle by force with the constitution or government of another State.

“No State at war with another shall adopt such modes of hostility as would necessarily render mutual confidence impossible in a future peace—­such as the employment of assassins or poisoners, the violation of a capitulation, the instigation of treason, and such like.  These are dishonorable stratagems.  For there must be some trust in the habit and disposition even of an enemy in war.

“The civil constitution in every State shall be republican.  The law of nations shall be founded on a federation of free States.  People or nations regarded as States may be judged like individual men.  If it is a duty to realize a state of public law, and if at the same time there is a well-grounded hope of its being realized—­although it may be only by approximation to it that advances ad infinitum—­then perpetual peace is a fact that is destined historically to follow the falsely so-called treaties of peace which have been but cessations of hostilities.  Perpetual peace is, therefore, no empty idea, but a practical thing which, through its gradual solution, is coming always nearer its final realization; and it may well be hoped that progress toward it will be made at more rapid rates of advance in the times to come.” [1]

[1] English Edition—­Pages 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 81, 127.

APPENDIX II

EXTRACTS FROM “THE TREATMENT OF ARMENIANS”

BY

VISCOUNT BRYCE

From Four Members of the German Missions Staff in Turkey to the Imperial German Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Berlin:  “Out of 2,000 to 3,000 peasant women from the Armenian Plateau who were brought here in good health, only forty or fifty skeletons are left.  The prettier ones are the victims of their gaolers’ lust; the plain ones succumb to blows, hunger, and thirst.  Every day more than a hundred corpses are carried out of Aleppo.  All this happened under the eyes of high Turkish officials.  The German scutcheon is in danger of being smirched for ever in the memory of the Near Eastern peoples.”