cliffs of yellowish and white pumice, projecting and re-entering like decorations of a stage,—­now perpendicular and smooth for some distance, now sweeping back in the shape of an arched segment.  These cliffs vary in height, although nowhere are they less than two hundred feet.  Their tops rise in huge pillars, in crags and pinnacles.  Brushwood and pine timber crown the mesa of which these fantastic projections are but the shaggy border.

Through the vale itself rustles the clear and cool brook to which the name of Rito de los Frijoles is applied.  It meanders on, hugging the southern slope, partly through open spaces, partly through groves of timber, and again past tall stately pine-trees standing isolated in the valley willows, cherry-trees, cottonwoods, and elders form small thickets along its banks.  The Rito is a permanent streamlet notwithstanding its small size.  Its water freezes in winter, but it never dries up completely during the summer months.

Bunches of tall grass, low shrubbery, and cactus grow in the open spaces between rocky debris fallen from above.  They also cover in part low mounds of rubbish, and ruins of a large pentagonal building erected formerly at the foot of a slope leading to the cliffs.  In the cliffs themselves, for a distance of about two miles, numerous caves dug out by the hand of man are visible.  Some of these are yet perfect; others have wholly crumbled away except the rear wall.  From a distance the port-holes and indentations appear like so many pigeons’ nests in the naked rock.  Together with the cavities formed by amygdaloid chambers and crevices caused by erosion, they give the cliffs the appearance of a huge, irregular honeycomb.

These ruins, inside as well as outside the northern walls of the canon of the Rito, bear testimony to the tradition still current among the Queres Indians of New Mexico that the Rito, or Tyuonyi, was once inhabited by people of their kind, nay, even of their own stock.  But the time when those people wooed and wed, lived and died, in that secluded vale is past long, long ago.  Centuries previous to the advent of the Spaniards, the Rito was already deserted.  Nothing remains but the ruins of former abodes and the memory of their inhabitants among their descendants.  These ancient people of the Rito are the actors in the story which is now to be told; the stage in the main is the Rito itself.  The language of the actors is the Queres dialect, and the time when the events occurred is much anterior to the discovery of America, to the invention of gunpowder and the printing-press in Europe.  Still the Rito must have appeared then much as it appears now,—­a quiet, lovely, picturesque retreat, peaceful when basking in the sunlight, wonderfully quiet when the stars sparkled over it, or the moon shed its floods of silver on the cliffs and on the murmuring brook below.

In the lower or western part of its course the Tyuonyi rushes in places through thickets and small groves, out of which rise tall pine-trees.  It is very still on the banks of the brook when, on a warm June day, noon-time is just past and no breeze fans the air; not a sound is heard beyond the rippling of the water; the birds are asleep, and the noise of human activity does not reach there from the cliffs.  Still, on the day of which we are now speaking, a voice arose from the thicket, calling aloud,—­