been to frighten negroes and bad whites into behaving themselves or going away; though sometimes, of course, bad characters had to be killed.  It must be remembered that the ballot was denied former Confederate soldiers for quite a period after the War, that they were not allowed to possess firearms, and that, at the same time, negro troops were quartered in the South.  In many parts of the South the government and the courts were in the hands of third-rate Northerners (carpet-baggers) who had come down to dominate the defeated section, and who used the Scalawags (disloyal southern whites) and negroes for their own purposes.  Obviously this was outrageous, and equally obviously, a proud people, even though defeated, could not endure it.  The service performed by the Ku Klux Klan seems to have been comparable with that rendered by the Vigilantes of early western days.  Something had to be done and the Klan did it.

In 1869 General Forrest ordered the Klan to disband, which it did; but owing to the fact that it was a secret organization, and that disguises had been used, it was an easy matter for mobs, not actually associated with the Ku Klux, to assume its costume and commit outrages in its name.

* * * * *

In writing of Raleigh I referred to the post-bellum activities of the Confederate cruiser Shenandoah.  Captain Dabney M. Scales, a distinguished citizen of Memphis, was on the Shenandoah.  Born in Orange County, Virginia, in 1842, Captain Scales was appointed to the Naval Academy by L.Q.C.  Lamar.  He was a classmate of Captain Clark, later of the Oregon.  When the war broke out, young Scales was in his second year at the Academy, but like most of the other southern cadets he resigned and offered his services to the South.  When commissioned he was the youngest naval officer in the Confederate service.  Eight months after the War was over, the Shenandoah was still cruising in the South Seas, looking for Federal merchantmen.  In January 1866, somewhere south of Australia, she overhauled the British bark Baracouta, taking her for a Yankee man-o’-war flying the British flag as a ruse.  Young Scales was sent in command of a boarding party, and was informed by the skipper of the Baracouta that the Civil War had terminated months and months ago.  The Shenandoah then made for Liverpool.  In the meantime a Federal court had ruled that her officers were guilty of piracy—­a hanging offense.  Naturally, they did not dare return to the United States.  Young Scales went to Mexico and remained there two years before coming home.  When the Spanish War came, Captain Scales volunteered and was made navigating officer of a naval vessel.  At the time of our visit he was a practising lawyer in Memphis, and was in command of Company A of the Uniform Confederate Veterans, a body of old heroes who go out every now and then and win the first prize for the best drilled organization operating Hardee’s tactics.