contains many valuable thoughts not previously published, he declares that his critics have obviously confounded the origin of a thing and that which originates from it.  “Here we have a striking example of the way in which an hypothesis is made to appear untenable by representing it as being something which it does not profess to be,” he says.  “I gave an account of the origin of music, and now I am blamed because my conception of the origin of music does not include a conception of music as fully developed.  If to some one who said that an oak comes from an acorn it were replied that he had manifestly never seen an oak, since an acorn contains no trace of all its complexities of form and structure, the reply would not be thought a rational one;” but he believes it would be quite as rational as to suppose he had not realized what a musical composition is because his theory of the origin of music says nothing about the characteristics of an overture or a quartet.

Of the music of primeval man we can form an estimate from the music of still existing uncivilized races.  As the vocabulary of their speech is limited, so the notes of their music are few, but expressive gestures and modulations of the voice supplement both.  With advancing civilization the emotions of which the human heart are capable become more complex and demand larger means of expression.  Some belief in the healing, helpful, uplifting power of music has always prevailed.  It remains for independent, practical, modern man to present the art to the world as a thing of law and order, whose ineffable beauty and beneficence may reach the lives of the average man and woman.

Without the growth of the individual, music cannot grow; without freedom of thought, neither the language of tones nor that of words can gain full, free utterance.  Freedom is essential to the life of the indwelling spirit.  Wherever the flow of thought and fancy is impeded, or the energies of the individual held in check, there music is cramped.  In China, where conditions have crushed spiritual and intellectual liberty, the art remains to this day in a crude rhythmical or percussion state, although it was early honored as the gift of superior beings.  The Chinese philosopher detected a grand world music in the harmonious order of the heavens and the earth, and wrote voluminous works on musical theory.  When it came to putting this into practice tones were combined in a pedantic fashion.

In all ages and climes music has ministered to religion and education.  The sacred Vedas bear testimony to the high place it held in Hindu worship and life.  Proud records of stone reveal its dignified role in the civilization of Egypt, where Plato stated there had existed ten thousand years before his day music that could only have emanated from gods or godlike men.  The art was taught by the temple priests, and the education of no young person was complete without a knowledge of it.