Then, too, casuists have incidentally done us harm.  They will quote as our rule of social conduct in America what may have been tolerated in France or Germany during the seventeenth century, and their hair-splitting distinctions in the realm of abstract right and wrong are taken by some of us as practical decisions, without due reference to local circumstances.  The American people pay slight attention to the abstract; they look only to the concrete in morals, and we must keep account of their manner of judging things.  The Church is nowadays called upon to emphasize her power in the natural order.  God forbid that I entertain, as some may be tempted to suspect me of doing, the slightest notion that vigilance may be turned off one single moment from the guard of the supernatural.  For the sake of the supernatural I speak.  And natural virtues, practised in the proper frame of mind and heart, become supernatural.  Each century calls for its type of Christian perfection.  At one time it was martyrdom; at another it was the humility of the cloister.  To-day we need the Christian gentleman and the Christian citizen.  An honest ballot and social decorum among Catholics will do more for God’s glory and the salvation of souls than midnight flagellations or Compostellan pilgrimages.

On a line with his principles, as I have so far delineated them, Father Hecker believed that if he would succeed in his work for souls, he should use in it all the natural energy that God had given him, and he acted up to his belief I once heard a good old priest, who said his beads well and made a desert around his pulpit by miserable preaching, criticise Father Hecker, who, he imagined, put too much reliance in man, and not enough in God.  Father Hecker’s piety, his assiduity in prayer, his personal habits of self-denial, repel the aspersion that he failed in reliance upon God.  But my old priest—­and he has in the church to-day, both in America and Europe, tens of thousands of counterparts—­was more than half willing to see in all outputtings of human energy a lack of confidence in God.  We sometimes rely far more upon God than God desires us to do, and there are occasions when a novena is the refuge of laziness or cowardice.  God has endowed us with natural talents, and not one of them shall be, with His permission, enshrouded in a napkin.  He will not work a miracle, or supply grace, to make up for our deficiencies.  We must work as if all depended on us, and pray as if all depended on God.

God never proposed to do by His direct action all that might be done in and through the Church.  He invites human co-operation, and abandons to it a wide field.  The ages of most active human industry in religious enterprises were the ages of most remarkable spiritual conquests.  The tendency to overlook this fact shows itself among us.  Newman writes that where the sun shines bright in the warm climate of the south, the natives of the place know little of safeguards against cold and wet.  They have