It was not on the state sovereignties only that beneficial effects were produced by a candid statement of public affairs, several patriotic individuals contributed largely from their private funds to the aid of the public.  The merchants, and other citizens of Philadelphia, with a zeal guided by that sound discretion which turns expenditure to the best account, established a bank, for the support of which they subscribed L315,000, Pennsylvania money, to be paid, if required, in specie, the principal object of which was to supply the army with provisions and rum.  By the plan of this bank, its members were to derive no emolument whatever from the institution.  For advancing their credit and their money, they required only that congress should pledge the faith of the Union to reimburse the costs and charges of the transaction in a reasonable time, and should give such assistance to its execution as might be in their power.

The ladies of Philadelphia too gave a splendid example of patriotism, by large donations for the immediate relief of the suffering army.  This example was extensively followed;[40] but it is not by the contributions of the generous that a war can or ought to be maintained.  The purse of the nation alone can supply the expenditures of a nation; and, when all are interested in a contest, all ought to contribute to its support.  Taxes, and taxes only, can furnish for the prosecution of a national war, means which are just in themselves, or competent to the object.  Notwithstanding these donations, the distresses of the army, for clothing especially, still continued; and were the more severely felt when a co-operation with French troops was expected.  So late as the 20th of June, General Washington informed congress, that he still laboured under the painful and humiliating embarrassment of having no shirts for the soldiers, many of whom were destitute of that necessary article.  “For the troops to be without clothing at any time,” he added, “is highly injurious to the service, and distressing to our feelings; but the want will be more peculiarly mortifying when they come to act with those of our allies.  If it be possible, I have no doubt, immediate measures will be taken to relieve their distress.

[Footnote 40:  This instance of patriotism on the part of our fair and amiable countrywomen, is far from being single.  Their conduct throughout the war was uniform.  They shared with cheerfulness and gaiety, the privations and sufferings to which the distress of the times exposed their country.  In every stage of this severe trial, they displayed virtues which have not been always attributed to their sex, but which it is believed they will, on every occasion calculated to unfold them, be found to possess.  With a ready acquiescence, with a firmness always cheerful, and a constancy never lamenting the sacrifices which were made, they not only yielded up all the elegancies, delicacies, and even conveniences to be