LESSON XLIX

PRONOUNS CLASSIFIED :  PERSONAL AND REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

  [Special Vocabulary]

  ami:citia, -ae\, f., _friendship_ (amicable)
  itaque\, conj., and so, therefore, accordingly
  littera, -ae\, f., _a letter_ of the alphabet;
    plur., _a letter, an epistle_
  metus, metu:s\, m., fear
  nihil, indeclinable\, n., _nothing_ (nihilist)
  nu:ntius, nu:nti:\, m., messenger.  Cf. nu:ntio:\
  pa:x, pa:cis\, f., peace (pacify)
  re:gnum, -i:\, n., _reign, sovereignty, kingdom_
  supplicum, suppli’ci:\, n., punishment;
    supplicum su:mere de:\, with abl., _inflict punishment on_;
    supplicum dare\, suffer punishment.  Cf. poena\

  placeo:, place:re, placui:, placitus\, _be pleasing to, please_,
    with dative.  Cf.  Sec. 154
  su:mo:, su:mere, su:mpsi:, su:mptus\, take up, assume
  sustineo:, sustine:re, sustinui:, sustentus\, _sustain_

278. We have the same kinds of pronouns in Latin as in English.  They are divided into the following eight classes: 

  1. Personal pronouns\, which show the person speaking, spoken to, or
  spoken of; as, ego\, I; tu\, _you_; is\, he. (Cf.  Sec. 279.
  etc.)

  2. Possessive pronouns\, which denote possession; as, meus\, tuus\,
  suus\, etc. (Cf.  Sec. 98.)

  3. Reflexive pronouns\, used in the predicate to refer back to the
  subject; as, _he saw himself_. (Cf.  Sec. 281.)

  4. Intensive pronouns\, used to emphasize a noun or pronoun; as, _I
  myself saw it_. (Cf.  Sec. 285.)

  5. Demonstrative pronouns\, which point out persons or things; as,
  is\, this, that. (Cf.  Sec. 112.)

  6. Relative pronouns\, which connect a subordinate adjective clause
  with an antecedent; as, qui\, who. (Cf.  Sec. 220.)

  7. Interrogative pronouns\, which ask a question; as, quis\, who?
  (Cf.  Sec. 225.)

  8. Indefinite pronouns\, which point out indefinitely; as, _some one,
  any one, some, certain ones_, etc. (Cf.  Sec. 296.)

279. The demonstrative pronoun is\, ea\, id\, as we learned in Sec. 115, is regularly used as the personal pronoun of the third person (_he_, _she_, _it_, _they_, etc.).

280. The personal pronouns of the first person are ego\, _I_; no:s\, we; of the second person, tu:\, _thou_ or _you_; vo:s\, ye or you.  They are declined as follows: 

       SINGULAR
       FIRST PERSON SECOND PERSON
  Nom. ego, I tu:, you
  Gen. mei:, of me tui:, of you
  Dat. mihi, to or for me tibi, to or for you
  Acc. me:, me te:, you
  Abl. me:, with, from, etc., me te:, with, from, etc., you