19. The subject of the infinitive is in the accusative. Sec. 214.
20. The place to which is
expressed by ad\ or in\ with the
accusative. Before names of towns,
small islands, domus\, and rus\
the preposition is omitted. Secs.
263, 266.
21. Duration of time and
extent of space are expressed by the
accusative. Sec. 336.
22. Verbs of making, choosing,
calling, showing, and the like, may
take a predicate accusative along
with the direct object. With the
passive voice the two accusatives become
nominatives. Sec. 392.
Ablative Case
23. Cause is denoted by
the ablative without a preposition. This
answers the question Because of what?
Sec. 102.
24. Means is denoted by
the ablative without a preposition. This
answers the question By means of what?
or With what? Sec. 103.
25. Accompaniment is denoted
by the ablative with cum\. This
answers the question With whom? Sec.
104.
26. The ablative with cum\ is
used to denote the manner of an
action. Cum\ may be omitted, if an
adjective is used with the
ablative. This answers the question
How? or In what manner? Sec. 105.
27. With comparatives and words
implying comparison the ablative is
used to denote the measure of difference.
Sec. 317.
28. The ablative of a noun or pronoun
with a present or perfect
participle in agreement is used to express
attendant circumstance.
This is called the ablative absolute.
Sec. 381.
29. 1. Descriptions of physical
characteristics are expressed by the
ablative with a modifying
adjective. Sec. 444.
2. Descriptions involving
neither numerical statements nor physical
characteristics may be expressed
by either the genitive or the
ablative with a modifying
adjective. Sec. 445.
30. The ablative is used to denote
in what respect something is
true. Sec. 398.
31. The place from which is expressed by a\ or ab\, de:\, e:\ or ex\ with the separative ablative. This answers the question Whence? Before names of towns, small islands, domus\, and rus\ the preposition is omitted. Secs. 264, 266.
_32._ Words expressing separation or deprivation
require an ablative
to complete their meaning. This is
called the _ablative of
separation_. Sec. 180.
33. The word expressing the person
from whom an action starts, when
not the subject, is put in the ablative
with the preposition a\ or
ab\. This is called the ablative
of the personal agent. Sec. 181.
34. The comparative degree, if
quam\ is omitted, is followed by the
separative ablative. Sec. 309.