II. 1.  The daughter of Latona does love the forests. 2.  Latona’s daughter carries arrows. 3.  The farmers’ daughters do labor. 4.  The farmer’s daughter loves the waters of the forest. 5.  The sailor is announcing the girls’ flight. 6.  The girls announce the sailors’ wrongs. 7.  The farmer’s daughter labors. 8.  Diana’s arrows are killing the wild beasts of the land.

40. CONVERSATION

Translate the questions and answer them in Latin.  The answers may be found in the exercises preceding.

1.  Quis est Diana? 2.  Cuius filia est Diana? 3.  Quis Dianam amat? 4.  Quis silvam amat? 5.  Quis sagittas portat? 6.  Cuius filiae laborant?

LESSON V

FIRST PRINCIPLES (Continued)

  [Special Vocabulary]

  NOUNS
  coro:’na\, _wreath, garland, crown_
   fa:’bula, _story_ (fable)
  pecu:’nia\, money (pecuniary)
  pugna\, _battle_ (pugnacious)
  victo:’ria\, victory

  VERBS
  dat\, _he (she, it) gives_
   na:rrat, _he (she, it) tells_ (narrate)

  CONJUNCTION[A]
  quia\ or quod\, because

  cui\ (pronounced _c[oo]i_, one syllable), interrog. pronoun, dat.
    sing., _to whom?_ _for whom?_

    [Footnote A:  A conjunction is a word which connects words, parts
    of sentences, or sentences.]

41. The Dative Case.  In addition to the relationships between words expressed by the nominative, genitive (possessive), and accusative (objective) cases, there are other relationships, to express which in English we use such words as from, with, by, to, for, in, at.[1]

    [Footnote 1:  Words like to, for, by, from, in, etc., which
    define the relationship between words, are called prepositions\.]

Latin, too, makes frequent use of such prepositions; but often it expresses these relations without them by means of case forms which English does not possess.  One of the cases found in the Latin declension and lacking in English is called the dative.

42. When the nominative singular ends in -a, the dative singular ends in -ae and the dative plural in -i:s.

NOTE.  Observe that the genitive singular, the dative singular, and the nominative plural all have the same ending, -ae; but the uses of the three cases are entirely different.  The general meaning of the sentence usually makes clear which case is intended.

    a. Form the dative singular and plural of the following nouns: 
    fuga\, causa\, fortuna\, terra\, aqua\, puella\, agricola\,
    nauta\, domina\.

43. The Dative Relation.  The dative case is used to express the relations conveyed in English by the prepositions to, towards, for.