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PDF 3. Tu non is es qui amicos tradas,
you are not such a one as to,
or you are not the man to, betray your
friends.
4. Nihil video quod timeam, I
see nothing to fear (nothing of such
as character as to fear it).
a. Each of these examples contains a descriptive relative clause which tells what kind of a person or thing the antecedent is. To express this thought the subjunctive is used. A relative clause that merely states a fact and does not describe the antecedent uses the indicative. Compare the sentences
Caesar is the
man who is leading us,
Caesar
est is qui nos ducit
(mere
statement of fact, no description, with the indicative)
Caesar is the
man to lead us,
Caesar
est is qui nos ducat
(descriptive
relative clause with the subjunctive)
b. Observe that in
this construction a demonstrative pronoun and a
relative, as is qui\, are
translated _such a one as to, the man
to_.
c. In which of the
following sentences would you use the
indicative and in which the
subjunctive?
These
are not the men who did this
These
are not the men to do this
390. RULE. Subjunctive of Characteristic. A relative clause with the subjunctive is often used to describe an antecedent. This is called the /subjunctive of characteristic or description\.
391. Observe the sentences
1. Romani Caesarem consulem\ fecerunt,
_the Romans
made Caesar consul\_.
2. Caesar consul\ a Romanis factus
est,
_Caesar\
was made consul\ by the Romans_.
a. Observe in 1 that the transitive verb fecerunt\, _made_, has two objects: (1) the direct object, Caesarem\; (2) a second object, consulem\, referring to the same person as the direct object and completing the predicate. The second accusative is called a Predicate Accusative.
_b._ Observe in 2 that when the verb is changed to the passive both of the accusatives become nominatives, the _direct object_ becoming the _subject_ and the _predicate accusative_ the _predicate nominative_.
_392._ RULE. Two Accusatives. _Verbs of making\, choosing\, calling\, showing\, and the like, may take a predicate accusative along with the direct object. With the passive voice the two accusatives become nominatives._
393. The verbs commonly found with two accusatives are
creo, creare, creavi, creatus, choose appello, appellare, appellavi, appellatus } nomino, nominare, nominavi, nominatus } call voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatus } facio, facere, feci, factus, make
394. EXERCISES
