303. Declension of the Comparative. Adjectives of the comparative degree are declined as follows:
SINGULAR PLURAL MASC. AND FEM. NEUT. MASC. AND FEM. NEUT. Nom. cla:rior cla:ri:us cla:ri:o:re:s cla:rio:ra Gen. cla:rio:ris cla:rio:ris cla:rio:rum cla:rio:rum Dat. cla:rio:ri: cla:rio:ri: cla:rio:ribus cla:rio:ribus Acc. cla:rio:rem cla:rius cla:rio:re:s cla:rio:ra Abl. cla:rio:re cla:rio:re cla:rio:ribus cla:rio:ribus
a. Observe that the
endings are those of the consonant stems of
the third declension.
b. Compare longus\,
_long_; fortis\, brave; recens\ (base,
recent-), _recent_; and decline
the comparative of each.
304. Adjectives in -er form the comparative regularly, but the superlative is formed by adding -rimus, -a, -um to the nominative masculine of the positive; as,
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
a:cer, a:cris, a:cre a:crior, a:crius
a:cerrimus, -a, -um
(BASE acr-)
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum pulchrior,
pulchrius pulcherrimus,
(BASE pulchr-)
-a, -um
li:ber, li:bera, li:berum li:berior,
li:berius li:berrimus, -a, -um
(BASE li:ber-)
a. In a similar manner compare miser\, aeger\, creber\.
305. The comparative is often translated by quite, too, or somewhat, and the superlative by very; as, altior\, _quite_ (_too, somewhat_) _high_; altissimus\, very high.
306. EXERCISES
First learn the special vocabulary, p. 296.
I. 1. Quid exploratores quaerebant? Exploratores tempus opportfuissimum itineri quaerebant. 2. Media in silva ignis quam creberrimos fecimus, quod feras tam audacis numquam antea videramus. 3. Antiquis temporibus Germani erant fortiores quam Galli. 4. Caesar erat clarior quam inimici[1] qui eum necaverunt. 5. Quisque scutum ingens et pilum longius gerebat. 6. Apud barbaros Germani erant audacissimi et fortissimi. 7. Mens hominum est celerior quam corpus. 8. Viri aliquarum terrarum sunt miserrimi. 9. Corpora Germanorum erant ingentiora quam Romanorum. 10. Acerrimi Gallorum principes sine ulla mora trans flumen quoddam equos velocissimos traduxerunt. 11. Aestate dies sunt longiores quam hieme. 12. Imperator quidam ab exploratoribus de recenti adventu navium longarum quaesivit.
II. 1. Of all birds the eagle is the swiftest. 2. Certain animals are swifter than the swiftest horse. 3. The Roman name was most hateful to the enemies of the commonwealth. 4. The Romans always inflicted the severest[2] punishment on faithless allies. 5. I was quite ill, and so I hastened from the city to the country. 6. Marcus had some friends dearer than Caesar.[3] 7. Did you not seek a more recent report concerning the battle? 8. Not even after a victory so opportune did he seek the general’s friendship.