Decebalus of Dion Cassius is named Diurpanus by Orosius, and Dorphaneus by Jornandes.  Roesler and Dierauer expend a large amount of research and learning upon the name.  The former (p. 35) believes that ‘the Dierpaneus of Jordanes’ is a king Duras from whom Decebalus received his crown, and he leaves the question an open one.  Dierauer says (p. 67) that Decebalus was his name, and quotes an inscription in which he is spoken of as ‘Regem Decebalum.’]

[Footnote 83:  Bohn’s Agricola, p. 382.]

[Footnote 84:  See historical map.]

[Footnote 85:  The fullest account of the probable number and constitution of his army, his generals, &c., is to be found in Dierauer, pp. 76 et seq. and the numerous notes appended.]

[Footnote 86:  See map.]

[Footnote 87:  Erected after the final subjugation of Dacia, probably upon the designs of Apollodorus, who also designed the bridge across the Danube.]

[Footnote 88:  This is by no means the unanimous view as to the course which was taken by the army, although most are agreed that it was divided into two sections.]

[Footnote 89:  This must not be confounded with the Iron Gates (sunken rocks) in the Danube.  The reader will find all the leading places referred to in our historical map.]

[Footnote 90:  Nothing certain is known as to the position of Tapae.  By some writers it is said to be identical with Crossfeldt near Thorda; but this hardly agrees with the account of the operations against Decebalus after his first defeat.]

[Footnote 91:  Dion Cassius, lxviii. 8.]

[Footnote 92:  Dion Cassius, lxviii. 9.]

[Footnote 93:  See vignette at the end of this chapter.]

[Footnote 94:  All these places, along with the lines indicating existing remains of Roman roads, will be found on our map.]

[Footnote 95:  Full details of games, gladiatorial fights, coins struck, &c., in Dierauer, pp. 105 et seq.]

[Footnote 96:  Those of our readers who desire to follow these superficial outlines of the story, as represented on the column, will do well to inspect the beautiful line engravings of Piranese, without however accepting his interpretations as conclusive.]

III.

Whatever uncertainty attaches to the details of Trajan’s expeditions, there is none as to their ultimate result, nor concerning the chief operations of the conqueror and his successors in the newly-acquired territory, which was formally annexed as a province of the Empire.  Some historians have attempted to define with great minuteness the boundaries of the new province, but more cautious writers content themselves with naming approximate limits; and these have done wisely, as there is no doubt that the movements of the neighbouring tribes and even of the conquered Dacians (for it is a mistake to suppose, as some do, that they went out