best way to grow the King raspberry or any other raspberry is to set them four feet apart and cultivate them.  If you grow a matted row you are bound to get weeds and grass in there, you are bound to get them ridged up, but by planting in hills and cultivating each way you can keep your ground perfectly level.  As far as clipping them back my experience has been it is very hard to handle them—­they will spread out.  It is a big job to cover the plants and then to uncover them again.  I know it is not necessary with the No. 4; that is hardy.  That is what we want.  Hardiness is what we want in a berry, and you have it in the No. 4.

Mr. Hall:  I would like to ask you what you spray with and when you spray?

Mr. Johnson:  The bordeaux mixture.  I spray them early in the spring and just before they start to ripen.

Mr. Wick:  With us the Loudon raspberry seems to be the coming raspberry.

Mr. Johnson:  Is it doing well now?

Mr. Wick:  Yes, it is doing well.

Mr. Ludlow:  How many years is the planting of the King raspberry good for?

Mr. Johnson:  I think it would be good for fifteen years or more if they are handled as I do it.  Keep at the plant, hoeing and spraying them twice a year; trim out the old wood and keep them healthy.

The President:  You take out all the old wood every year?

Mr. Johnson:  Yes, sir.

Mr. Ludlow:  When do you do that?

Mr. Johnson:  In the fall.  I figure this way, every extra cane that you grow on the plant is a waste.  If I see a cane a little higher than the others I just stop it, and it throws the sap back.

Mr. Berry:  Do you fertilize and how and when?

Mr. Johnson:  I found I didn’t need much fertilizer.  I put on wood ashes and such things when I burn the trimming of the berries and such things.

A Member:  When do you spray?

Mr. Johnson:  I generally spray in the spring after they get started and just before they are starting to ripen.  I spray them sometimes when they are starting to ripen, and the berries would pick up in one day.

A Member:  You mean to say you could grow them for fifteen years without fertilizing?

Mr. Johnson:  Yes, sir.

* * * * *

KNOWLEDGE of the temperature of the pantry and cellar is important, in order that one may make improvements in conditions.  Putrefaction will start at 50 deg., so that a pantry or closet where food is kept should have a temperature at least as low as that.  Cellars where canned goods are stored should have a temperature of 32 deg. or over.  Apples are frequently stored in outside cellars, where the temperature should be kept at 31 deg. or 32 deg.; but apples may be kept satisfactorily at 34 deg. or 36 deg.  When stored at the higher temperatures, the fruit should be placed there soon after being picked.

Annual Report, 1915, Nevis Trial Station.