Mr. Wintersteen:  The maggots that attack the radishes and turnips are the same as the cabbage maggot?

Mr. Moore:  Yes, sir.

Mr. Wintersteen:  Why is it I have no trouble with the cabbages, and yet
I can raise no radishes or turnips in the same ground?

Mr. Moore:  The radishes and turnips are attacked and the cabbages are not?

Mr. Wintersteen:  Yes, sir.

Mr. Moore:  Which do you raise, early cabbages?

Mr. Wintersteen:  Yes, sir.

Mr. Moore:  What variety do you raise?

Mr. Wintersteen:  The Wakefield, generally.

Mr. Moore:  Some varieties of cabbages are not nearly so severely attacked as others.  I think of the two that they would prefer radishes probably.  Growing them side by side you find they infest the radishes.  That was my experience last year.  I grew the first generation of cabbages, and the second generation I took over into the radishes because I wanted to treat them there.

Mr. Rasmussen:  Did you say the same fly attacks the onion and the cabbage?

Mr. Moore:  The onion has two different flies, one which is black in color, with light colored bands across the wings, and that one passes the winter as a larva in the old onions left in the field.  It is an injurious practice to leave old onions there to breed these maggots.  If they were taken out and destroyed you could do away with that one.  The cabbage fly is different.  When you use the spray it would probably be all right to use the sodium arsenite for the onion and the lead arsenate for the cabbage.  The type of leaf is entirely different, and on the cabbage you are apt to burn them with the sodium arsenite while the lead arsenate will give you practically the same result.

Mr. Goudy:  The cabbage butterfly, does that come from the same maggot?

Mr. Moore:  No; this maggot is on the root, the cabbage butterfly lays its eggs on the leaf.  You get the cabbage worm from the cabbage butterfly.

Mr. Goudy:  What do you do for that?

Mr. Moore:  Paris green is used to a great extent, but many people have a horror of using Paris green.  Last year, I think it was, I was called up on the phone by some one and I advised him to use Paris green.  He said that he was afraid it might poison everybody.  I explained to him there was no danger from it, as you know the cabbage leaves grow from the inside, not from the outside, and the spray would be on the outside leaves.  Besides that, we usually spray early for the cabbage worm while the heads come on later.

Mr. Goudy:  Did you ever try capsicum, sprinkling that on the heads?

Mr. Moore:  No, sir.

Mr. Goudy:  I saved my cabbages one year by using that.

Mr. Moore:  Some people claim salt is good.  One of the students mentioned it to me.  One applied it by putting a spoonful around over the head, another dissolved a tablespoonful in about ten quarts of water and sprayed it on.  Salt is rather injurious to vegetation as a rule.  Of course, they only put it on the leaves, and the cabbage is a hardy plant.  Air slaked lime is also good, but would have to be applied several times.  With the arsenate you apply it once and kill all the brood.