A Member:  In debating the question of the grower and the cannery we are anxious to know just how far it is practical to use apples—­what apples we can use after grading them, say, for instance, into Nos. 1 and 2?  Can we use a deformed apple?  For instance, do the canners in your country buy deformed apples—­I mean lacking in roundness?

Mr. Dunlap:  They can use them; they are a little more expensive to handle when you put them on the fork to peel them.  Of course, they have to use the knife on them afterwards in those places where they are not perfect, cutting out any imperfect spots on them.  But as a rule they require pretty fair quality of apple for cannery and above a certain size.  They wouldn’t want to use anything less than two inches in diameter, and from that on, and they get as good apples as they possibly can.  They have to limit themselves as to prices according to how much they can get for their product.

A Member:  What grader do you recommend?

Mr. Dunlap:  Well, I don’t think that I care to advertise any grader.  I am not interested in any.

A Member:  You are a long way from home, and it might enlighten the rest of us.

Mr. Dunlap:  There are several graders on the market, and for all I know, giving good service.  I am using the Trescott, made in New York.

A Member:  What is the matter with the Hardy?

Mr. Dunlap:  I never used the Hardy—­I don’t know about that.  Some of them will bruise the apples more than others.

Mr. Sauter:  What form of packing for apples will bring the best prices?

Mr. Dunlap:  I investigated that.  I have packed as high as a couple of thousand boxes of apples, and I have taken the very best I had and barreled.  I picked out the extra selects and boxed them.  Then I took a No. 1 grade from those that that were left and the No. 2 grade, and my No. 1 grade in barrels were disposed of before I could sell my boxes at all in the market.  The boxes were the last thing I could dispose of.  Considering the extra cost of boxing I was out of pocket in selling them in boxes.  Bushel baskets are all right, you can pack the basket with no more expense than packing a barrel.

Mr. Brackett:  What can a cannery afford to pay for apples?

Mr. Dunlap:  I have never been in the cannery business, I could not tell.

Mr. Brackett:  They are talking of starting a cannery where I live and I wondered what they can afford to pay.

Mr. Dunlap:  Some five or six years ago I sold a number of hundred bushels to canneries at 60 cents per hundred pounds.  Whether they can afford to pay that or not I don’t know.  I haven’t sold any to them for several years now.  In fact, I should judge they couldn’t afford to pay that for them because they went out of business.

Mr. Brackett:  In other words, they can’t pay over 35 or 30 cents a bushel?

Mr. Dunlap:  I don’t know what they can afford to pay.