The vine and the grape thrive amazingly near the sea, and this necessity evolved the pergola.  It was compact, could be made straight or curving, short or long, usually narrow but still supporting to some height the delicate leaves and fruit of the grape.  Thus, the Italian secured his shade and made an interesting walk or approach.  Because of its open work and light proportions the views of the beautiful Italian sea and sunset were not blocked but thereby improved, each view framed in by the pergola pillars, with the picturesque tracery of the vine clinging to them.

Here was its home, and here it was perfect in its setting.  We Americans, in our zeal to secure all that’s good, have brought it bodily to our homes.  But like much else that’s transplanted, we do not always look well to the new conditions as comparable to the old.  The pergola is, however, too valuable a garden feature to do without.  Our greater care should be to study our need, use the pergola when advisable for some other feature, like one of those illustrated on this sheet, when more appropriate.

In construction the pergola is usually made of materials to match the house, sometimes masonry or stone pillars as well as those of wood.  The rafters and lighter beams should be made of the most durable wood, preferably cypress, and carefully painted.  The pillars may be of classic design or of more modern lines, but if they are of a thickness greater than one-seventh of their height, they are not proportionate to the light load they carry.  Preferably, the columns rest on and are anchored to concrete or stone footings in the ground.  The supporting rafters from pillar to pillar are the heavier construction, the cross beams, etc., the lighter.

[Illustration:  Pergola over garden gate, with planting to screen kitchen garden, in Minneapolis.]

The surface of the ground beneath the pergola should be made of weather proof brick or tile floors.  They shed the surface water and make it useable in damp weather, not possible with the turf.

The cost of these structures is largely optional with the builder.  One clever with carpenter’s tools can build one at the cost of his time and lumber.  The other limit cannot be set.  Masonry pillars, cypress lumber, pavement of the floor, the size, cost of design, etc., will, upon occasion, bring up this cost to that of a small house.  I have found a firm in Chicago who will ship one complete, ready to set up, following one’s own design, or, after submitting standard designs and photographs of their work.  They sell one 8 feet long, 7 feet 6 inches wide and 7 feet 6 inches high with 10-inch columns for $45.00, each additional 8-foot section $25.00, f.o.b., Chicago.  The pictures shown of such a pergola are highly attractive.  From this figure the cost runs up to $500.00 and even $1,000.00 for circular construction eight-four long and correspondingly heavy.  Of course, one can secure low figures from any local millwork company if a good detailed design is available.  In this way good distinctive work is possible.