These words are found mingled, in the text from which I extract them, with allusions to inferior deities; and it must be acknowledged that the translation of the ancient documents of Egypt is still uncertain enough.  Still this uncertainty does not appear to extend to the general sense and bearing of the recent discoveries of our savants.  Myself a simple learner from the masters of the science, I can only point out to you the result of their studies.  Now, this is what the masters tell us as to the actual state of mythological studies.  Traces are found almost everywhere, in the midst of idolatrous superstitions, of a religion comparatively pure, and often stamped with a lofty morality.  Paganism is not a simple fact:  it offers to view in the same bed two currents, the one pure and the other impure.  What is the relation between these two currents?  A passage in a writer of the Latin Church throws a vivid light upon their actual relation in practical life.  It is thus that Lactantius expresses himself:  “When man (the pagan) finds himself in adversity, then it is that he has recourse to God (to the only God).  If the horrors of war threaten him, if there appear a contagious disease, a drought, a tempest, then he has recourse to God....  If he is overtaken by a storm at sea, and is in danger of perishing, immediately he calls upon God; if he finds himself in any urgent peril, he has recourse to God....  Thus men bethink themselves of God when they are in trouble; but as soon as the danger is past, and they are no longer in any fear, we see them return with joy to the temples of the false gods, make to them libations, and offer sacrifices to them."[9] This is a striking picture of the workings of man’s heart in all ages; for, as our author observes, “God is never so much forgotten of men as when they are quietly enjoying the favors and blessings which He sends them."[10] As regards our special object, this page reveals in a very instructive manner the religious condition of heathen antiquity.  The thought of the sovereign God was stifled without being extinguished; it awoke beneath the pressure of anguish; but ordinary life, the life of every day, belonged to the easy worship of idols.

It may now be asked what is the historical relation between the two currents of paganism of which we have just established the actual relation in practical life.  Did humanity begin with a coarse fetichism, and thence rise by slow degrees to higher conceptions?  Do the traces of a comparatively pure monotheism first show themselves in the most recent periods of idolatry?  Contemporary science inclines more and more to answer in the negative.  It is in the most ancient historical ground (allow me these geological terms) that the laborious investigators of the past meet with the most elevated ideas of religion.  Cut to the ground a young and vigorous beech-tree, and come back a few years afterwards:  in place of the tree cut down you will find coppice-wood; the sap which nourished