Van Veen took very few pupils—­only those who had the ability to aid him in completing his designs.  To have worked with this master was an introduction at once into the charmed circle of royalty.

Rubens was in no haste to branch out on his own account:  he was quite content to know that he was gaining ground, making head upon the whole.  He won the confidence of Van Veen at once by his skill, his cheerful presence, and ability to further the interests of his master and patrons.  In Fifteen Hundred Ninety-nine, when Rubens was twenty-two, he was enrolled as a free master at the Guild of Saint Luke on the nomination of Van Veen, who also about this time introduced the young artist to Albert and Isabella.

But the best service that Van Veen did for Rubens was in taking him into his home and giving him free access to the finest collection of Italian art in the Netherlands.  These things filled the heart of Rubens with a desire to visit Italy, and there to dive deeply into the art spirit of that land from which all our art has sprung.

To go abroad then and gain access to the art treasures of the world was not a mere matter of asking for a passport, handing out a visiting-card, and paying your way.

Young men who wished to go abroad to study were required to pass a stiff examination.  If it was believed that they could not represent their own country with honor, their passports were withheld.  And to travel without a passport was to run the risk of being arrested as an absconder.

But Rubens’ place in society was already secure.  Instead of applying for his passports personally and undergoing the usual catechization, his desires were explained to Van Veen, and all technicalities were waived, as they always are when you strike the right man.  Not only were the passports forthcoming, but Albert and Isabella wrote a personal note to Viccuzo Gonzaga, the Duke of Mantua, commending the young painter to the Duke’s good offices.

Van Veen further explained to Rubens that to know the Duke of Mantua might mean either humiliation or crowning success.  To attain the latter through the Duke of Mantua, it was necessary to make a good impression on Annibale Chieppo, the Duke’s Minister of State.  Chieppo had the keeping of the ducal conscience as well as the key to the strong-box.

The Duke of Mantua was one of those strange loaded dice that Fate occasionally flings upon this checkerboard of time:  one of those characters whose feverish faculties border on madness, yet who do the world great good by breaking up its balances, preventing social ankylosis, and eventually forcing upon mankind a new deal.  But in the train of these vagrant stars famine and pestilence follow.

The Duke of Mantua was brother in spirit to the man who made Versailles—­and making Versailles undid France.