When, however, on the following day he inspected the places themselves, and, at the sight of the bridge where Gudin fell, made the remark, that it was not there he ought to have debouched; when afterwards gazing, with an angry look, on the position which Junot had occupied, he exclaimed:  “It was there, no doubt, that the Westphalians should have attacked! all the battle was there! what was Junot about?” his irritation became so violent, that nothing could at first allay it.  He called Rapp, and told him to take the command from the Duke of Abrantes:—­he would dismiss him from the army! he had lost his marshal’s staff without retrieve! this blunder would probably block the road to Moscow against them; that to him, Rapp, he should intrust the Westphalians; that he would speak to them in their own language, and he would know how to make them fight.  But Rapp refused the place of his old companion in arms; he appeased the emperor, whose anger always subsided quickly, as soon as it had vented itself in words.

But it was not merely on his left that the enemy had a narrow escape from being conquered; on his right he had run a still greater risk.  Morand, one of Davoust’s generals, had been despatched from that side through the forests; he marched along woody heights, and was, from the commencement of the action, on the flank of the Russians.  A few paces more, and he would have debouched in the rear of their right.  His sudden appearance would have infallibly decided the victory, and rendered it complete; but Napoleon, unacquainted with the localities, ordered him to be recalled to the spot where Davoust and himself had stopped.

In the army, we could not help asking ourselves, why the emperor, in making three officers, independent of one another, combine for the same object, had not made a point of being on the spot, to give their movements the unity indispensable, and without him impossible.  He, on the contrary, had returned to Smolensk, either from fatigue, or chiefly from not expecting so serious an affair; or finally, because, from the necessity of attending to every thing at once, he could not be in time, or completely any where.  In fact, the business of his empire and of Europe, having been suspended by the preceding days of activity, had accumulated.  It was necessary to clear out his portfolios, and to give circulation to both civil and political affairs, which began to clog; it was, besides, urgent and glorious to date from Smolensk.

When, therefore, Borelli, second in command of Murat’s staff, came to inform him of the battle of Valoutina, he hesitated about receiving him; and so deeply was he engaged in the business before him, that a minister had to interfere to procure that officer admittance.  The report of this officer agitated Napoleon.  “What say you?” he exclaimed:  “what! you are not enough! the enemy shows 60,000 men!  Then it is a battle!” and he began storming at the disobedience and inactivity of Junot.  When