themselves alone in presence of the Russian army.  Verdier, forced to engage in order to support them, was already compromising the rest of his division, when the Duke of Reggio hurried up, relieved his troops from this peril, led them back behind the Drissa, and on the following day resumed his first position under the walls of Polotsk.  There he found Saint-Cyr and the Bavarians, who increased the force of his corps to 35,000 men.  As to Wittgenstein, he tranquilly took up his first position at Osweia.  The result of these four days was very unsatisfactory to the emperor.

Nearly about the same time intelligence was brought to Witepsk that the advanced guard of the viceroy had gained some advantages near Suraij; but that, in the centre, near the Dnieper, at Inkowo, Sebastiani had been surprised by superior numbers, and defeated.

Napoleon was then writing to the Duke of Bassano to announce daily fresh victories to the Turks.  True or false was of no consequence, provided the communications produced the effect of suspending their treaty with Russia.  He was still engaged in this task, when deputies from Red Russia arrived at Witepsk, and informed Duroc, that they had heard the report of the Russian cannon announcing the peace of Bucharest.  That treaty, signed by Kutusof, had just been ratified.

At this intelligence, which Duroc transmitted to Napoleon, the latter was deeply mortified.  He was now no longer astonished at Alexander’s silence.  At first, it was the tardiness of Maret’s negotiations to which he imputed this result; then, to the blind stupidity of the Turks, to whom their treaties of peace were always more fatal than their wars; lastly, the perfidious policy of his allies, all of whom, taking advantage of the distance, and in the obscurity of the seraglio, had, doubtless, dared to unite against their common dictator.

This event rendered a prompt victory still more necessary to him.  All hope of peace was now at an end.  He had just read the proclamations of Alexander.  Being addressed to a rude people, they were necessarily unrefined:  the following are some passages of them:  “The enemy, with unexampled perfidy, has announced the destruction of our country.  Our brave soldiers burn to throw themselves on his battalions, and to destroy them; but it is not our intention to allow them to be sacrificed on the altars of this Moloch.  A general insurrection is necessary against the universal tyrant.  He comes, with treachery in his heart, and loyalty on his lips, to chain us with his legions of slaves.  Let us drive away this race of locusts.  Let us carry the cross in our hearts, and the sword in our hands.  Let us pluck his fangs from this lion’s mouth, and overthrow the tyrant, whose object is to overthrow the earth.”

The emperor was incensed.  These reproaches, these successes, and these reverses, all contributed to stimulate his mind.  The forward movement of Barclay, in three columns, towards Rudnia, which the check at Inkowo had disclosed, and the vigorous defensive operations of Wittgenstein, promised the approach of a battle.  He had to choose between that, and a long and sanguinary defensive war, to which he was unaccustomed, which was difficult to maintain at such a distance from his reinforcements, and encouraging to his enemies.