worn, we have the sense of absolute calm and repose—in
striking contrast to the wearied look of Brancacci.
The Bishop died on March 1, 1426; a few days previously
he wrote his will, while he lay dying—“sanus
mente licet corpore languens”—and
left careful instructions as to his burial in an honourable
part of the Cathedral and how the exact cost of his
funeral was to be met.[110] In a way the figure resembles
St. Louis, and Donatello probably had the help of
Michelozzo in the casting. The work itself is
extremely good, and the bronze has the rich colour
which one finds most frequently in the smaller provincial
towns where time is allowed to create its own patina.
Donatello was a bold innovator, and the Tomb of Coscia,
though not the parent of the Renaissance theory of
funeral monuments, had marked influence upon its evolution.
From the simple outdoor tombs placed upon pillars,
such as one principally finds north of the Apennines,
there issued a grander idea which culminated in the
monuments of the Scaligers at Verona. But Donatello
reverted to the earlier type of indoor tomb, and from
his day the tendency to treat them as an integral
feature of mural and structural decoration steadily
increased. A host of sculptors filled the Tuscan
churches with those memorials which constitute one
of their chief attractions. These men imbued
death with its most gentle aspect, concealing the
tragedy and sombre meaning of their work with gay arabesques
and the most living and lovable creations of their
fancy. The putti, the bright heraldry,
the play of colour, and the opulence of decoration,
often distract one’s eye from the effigy of the
dead: and he, too, is often smiling. He
may represent the past: the rest of the tomb is
born of the present, and seldom—exception
being made for a group of tombs to which reference
will be made later on[111]—seldom is there
much regard for the future. The dead at least
are not asked to bury their dead. They lie in
state, surrounded by all that is most young and blithe
in life: it is a death which shows no indifference
to the life which is left behind. With them death
is in the midst of life, not life in the midst of
death. Donatello was too severe for the later
Renaissance, and the brilliant sculptors who succeeded
him lost influence in their turn. With the development
of sculpture, which during Michael Angelo’s
lifetime acquired a technical skill to which Donatello
never aspired, the tomb became a vehicle for ostentation
and display; and there was a reaction towards the
harsher symbols of death. Instead of the quiet
mourner who really mourns, we have the strident and
professional weeper—a parody of sorrow.
Tier upon tier these prodigious monuments rise, covering
great spaces of wall, decorated with skulls and skeletons,
with Time carrying his scythe, with negro caryatides,
and with apathetic or showy models masquerading as
the cardinal virtues. The effigy itself is often
perched up so high as to be invisible, or sitting