them is that whereas Gattamelata is the faithful portrait
of a modest though successful warrior, it must be
confessed that Verrocchio makes an idealised soldier
of fortune, full of bravado and swagger, a Malbrook
s’en va-t-en guerre of the Quattrocento.
But, striking as the contrast of sentiment is, noticeable
alike in the artist and his model, these two statues
remain the finest equestrian monuments in the world,
their one possible rival being Can Grande at Verona.
Donatello has decorated Gattamelata’s saddle
and armour with a mass of delicate and vivacious detail,
which modifies the severity without distracting the
eye. The putti which act as pommels to
the saddle are delightful little figures, and the
damascened and chased fringes of the armour are excellent.
Moreover, the armour does not overweight the figure.
The horse, of rather a thick and “punchy”
breed, is well suited to carry a heavy load; he is
full of spirit, and is neighing and chafing, as the
old critics pointed out. An enormous wooden horse,
some twenty-four feet long, is preserved in the Sala
della Raggione at Padua. It used to belong to
the Capodalista family, and has been considered Donatello’s
model for the Gattamelata charger. This is unlikely,
and it was more probably used in some procession,
being ridden by a huge emblematic figure. It
is improbable that Donatello should have done more
than sketch the design; but the head of the horse
is admirable, with the feathery ears and bushy topknot
which one finds in the Venice quadriga, on Gattamelata’s
steed, and on the colossal bronze head of a horse
now preserved in the Naples Museum. This used
to be considered an antique, but it is now established
beyond all question that Donatello made it; and it
was presented in 1471 to Count Mataloni by Lorenzo
de’ Medici. It is an interesting work, defective
in some places, and treated similarly to classical
examples; indeed, Donatello was obviously influenced
in all his equine statuary by the most obvious classical
horses at his command, namely, those at Venice.
He does not seem to have taken ideas from the Marcus
Aurelius, which he had not seen for upwards of ten
years when commissioned to make the Gattamelata.
The base of the statue is simple, but scarcely worthy
of the monument it supports. The pedestal made
by Leopardi for the Colleone monument is both more
decorative and dignified. On Donatello’s
pedestal there are two marble reliefs of winged boys
holding the general’s helmet, badge and cuirass.
The reliefs on the monument are copies of the maimed
originals now preserved in a dark passage of the Santo
cloister. There must be many statues elsewhere,
now taken for originals, which are nothing more than
replicas of what had gradually perished. If one
closely examines the sculpture on some of the church
facades—Siena Cathedral, for instance—one
finds that most of the statues are only held together
by numberless metal ties and clamps; and one may safely
assume that many of those in really good condition
have been placed there at later dates.