[Illustration:  PAST WORK]

[Illustration:  KNIFE-GRINDER]

Ford is answerable for many of the fixed ideas about Spain which it seems quite impossible to remove.  Much that may have been true in the long ago, when he wrote his incomparable Guide Book, has now passed away with the all-conquering years; but still all that he ever said is repeated in each new book with unfailing certainty.  Much as he really loved Spain, it must be confessed that he now and then wrote of her with a venom and bitterness quite at variance with his usual manner of judging things.  It is in great part due to him that so much misunderstanding exists as to the Spanish custom of “offering” what is not intended to be accepted.  If that peculiarity ever existed—­for my part, I have never met with it at any time—­it does so no longer.  When a Spaniard speaks of his house as that of “your Grace” (su casa de Usted), it is simply a figure of speech, which has no more special meaning than our own “I am delighted to see you,” addressed to some one whose existence you had forgotten, and will forget again; but nothing can exceed the generous hospitality often shown to perfect strangers in country districts where the accommodation for travellers is bad, when any real difficulty arises.

It is customary, for instance, in travelling, when you open your luncheon-basket, to offer to share its contents with any strangers who may chance to be fellow-passengers.  Naturally, it is merely a form of politeness, and, in an ordinary way, no one thinks of accepting it—­everyone has his own provision, or is intending to lunch somewhere on the way; but it is by no means an empty form.  If it should chance, by some accident, that you found yourself without—­as has happened to me in a diligence journey which lasted twenty hours when it was intended only to occupy twelve—­the Spanish fellow-travellers will certainly insist on your accepting their offer.  Also, if they should be provided with fresh fruit—­oranges, dates, or figs—­and you are not, their offer to share is by no means made with the hope or expectation that you will say Muchas gracias, the equivalent of “No, thank you.”

What is really difficult and embarrassing sometimes is to avoid having pressed on your acceptance some article which you may have admired, in your ignorance of the custom, which makes it the merest commonplace of the Spaniard to “place it at your disposition,” or to say:  “It is already the property of your Grace.”  Continued refusal sometimes gives offence.  The custom of never doing to-day what you can quite easily put off till to-morrow is, unfortunately, still a common trait of Spanish character; but as the Spaniard is rapidly becoming an alert man of business, it is not likely that that will long remain one of the national characteristics.  Time in old days seemed of very little value in a country where trade was looked upon as a disgrace, or at least as unfitting any one to enter the charmed circle of