“You do not mean that?  I was wholly unconscious of it.  I am surprised!” said the General.

“Yes, I do mean it.  It is even beginning to be a subject of comment among your officers.”

“Why did you not tell me before?  I’ll never drink a drop of liquor again.”

He never did.  Time after time in later years, dining with the Grants in New York, I have seen the General turn down the wine-glasses at his side.  That indomitable will of his enabled him to remain steadfast to his resolve, a rare case as far as my experience goes.  Some have refrained for a time.  In one noted case one of our partners refrained for three years, but alas, the old enemy at last recaptured its victim.

Grant, when President, was accused of being pecuniarily benefited by certain appointments, or acts, of his administration, while his friends knew that he was so poor that he had been compelled to announce his intention of abandoning the customary state dinners, each one of which, he found, cost eight hundred dollars—­a sum which he could not afford to pay out of his salary.  The increase of the presidential salary from $25,000 to $50,000 a year enabled him, during his second term, to save a little, although he cared no more about money than about uniforms.  At the end of his first term I know he had nothing.  Yet I found, when in Europe, that the impression was widespread among the highest officials there that there was something in the charge that General Grant had benefited pecuniarily by appointments.  We know in America how little weight to attach to these charges, but it would have been well for those who made them so recklessly to have considered what effect they would produce upon public opinion in other lands.

The cause of democracy suffers more in Britain to-day from the generally received opinion that American politics are corrupt, and therefore that republicanism necessarily produces corruption, than from any other one cause.  Yet, speaking with some knowledge of politics in both lands, I have not the slightest hesitation in saying that for every ounce of corruption of public men in the new land of republicanism there is one in the old land of monarchy, only the forms of corruption differ.  Titles are the bribes in the monarchy, not dollars.  Office is a common and proper reward in both.  There is, however, this difference in favor of the monarchy; titles are given openly and are not considered by the recipients or the mass of the people as bribes.

When I was called to Washington in 1861, it was supposed that the war would soon be over; but it was seen shortly afterwards that it was to be a question of years.  Permanent officials in charge would be required.  The Pennsylvania Railroad Company was unable to spare Mr. Scott, and Mr. Scott, in turn, decided that I must return to Pittsburgh, where my services were urgently needed, owing to the demands made upon the Pennsylvania by the Government.  We therefore placed the department at Washington in the hands of others and returned to our respective positions.