may be seen at the Smithsonian Institute at Washington.  In Anderson township, Ohio, native gold has been found for the first time.  Several small ornaments of copper have been found covered with thin sheets of gold.  Earrings also, made of meteoric iron, have been found, and a serpent cut out of mica.  Some terra-cotta figures also, which give us an idea of the way the hair was dressed in the days of the Mound-builders.  I cannot here name all the implements and ornaments that have been discovered.  Though most of them are of hard stone, yet many have been found made of copper.

Mining, etc.—­That these people were miners, is evident from the prevalence of various mineral fragments and implements.  At Mound City, near Chillicothe, has been found galena, none of which can be found in Ohio.  Obsidian also is found in the shape of instruments, which they must have transported from the Rocky Mountains.  Ancient mining shafts are found in Minnesota, where the solid rock had been excavated to the depth of 60 feet.  On Isle Royal there are pits 60 feet deep, worked through nine feet of solid rock, at the bottom of which is a rich vein of copper, and in the two miles of excavations in the same straight line have been found the mining implements in great numbers.  Such advancement in mining, sagacity in warfare, industrial pursuits, and geometric skill, as their works display, prove their great superiority of race over the modern Indian.  Their implements, some of them most elaborately made, their brick-making and various other ingenious works, enable us to place them high as an industrial people, while their sacred enclosures, and altars, and tablets, together with the numerous evidences of their being an agricultural nation, enable us to place them far above the modern Indian in the scale of civilization.

The people of the United States, though much to be commended because of their prudence and forethought in laying out their modern towns and cities along the various water courses, which serve as the different highways of commerce, have by no means shown a superior sagacity in that respect to the Mound-builders, whose great centres of population are now mostly occupied, or are encroached upon by the modern cities.

We may with safety assert that the population about Newark, and Xenia, and Mound City, was far above what it is now.  The country about Dayton, Miamisburg, Oxford, Hamilton and Marietta was, undoubtedly, in the days of the Mound-builders moving with a greater mass of human beings than it can boast of to-day.

And if those peaceable and industrious inhabitants were as numerous as their remains indicate, what must have been the strength of those invading hordes who caused their downfall and perhaps wiped out forever every living representative of that ancient race, who could leave no more lasting memorial of their existence and struggles than those mysterious mounds which have given them their name.