as naked wild men living in caves” (J.F.  Campbell, Tales, iii. 55, n.).  One of these “kewachs” figures in the story of Diarmaid and Grainne, and one version says that he “came in from the western ocean in a coracle with two oars (curachan)” (The Fians, p. 54). (His name assumes various shapes—­e.g., Ciofach Mac a Ghoill, Ciuthach Mac an Doill, Ceudach Mac Righ nan Collach.) These three terms—­samhanach, uamh dhuine, and ciuthach—­all seem to indicate one and the same race of people.  And these are probably the people referred to by Pennant when he says, speaking of the civilised races of the Hebrides in the beginning of the seventeenth century:—­“Each chieftain had his armour-bearer, who preceded his master in time of war, and, by my author’s (Timothy Pont’s MS., Advocates’ Library, Edinburgh) account in time of peace; for they went armed even to church, in the manner the North Americans do at present [1772] in the frontier settlement, and for the same reason, the dread of savages.” (Pinkerton’s Voyages, vol. iii. p. 322.)]

[Footnote 42:  Hibbert’s “Description of the Shetland Islands,” Edinburgh, 1822, pp. 444-451.  With regard to the “Dwarfie Stone” of Hoy, the following references may be given:—­“Jo.  Ben,” 1529, at p. 449 of Barry’s “History of the Orkney Islands,” 2nd ed., London, 1808; and other writers subsequent to 1529.  These speak of this stone as the abode of a “giant.”  Sir Walter Scott (The Pirate, Note P.) and many others invariably say “a dwarf.”

Note also J.F.  Campbell (W.H.  Tales, p. xcix):  “The Highland giants were not so big, but that their conquerors wore their clothes.”  Also the dwarf in Ramsay’s “Evergreen” who says that he was engendered “of giants’ kind.”]

[Footnote 43:  Dean of Lismore’s Book, p. lxxvi.; Celt.  Scot., vol. i. p. 131; vol. iii. chap. iii.; &c.]

[Footnote 44:  Celt.  Scot. iii. 106-7.]

[Footnote 45:  In this tale, the phonetic spelling ben-ce shows the unusual aspirated form bean-shithe.  She is elsewhere spoken of as the Lady of Innse Uaine, and her son is the hero of the tale Gille nan Cochla-Craicinn.]

[Footnote 46:  According to a clergyman of the seventeenth century, the Hebrides and a part of the Western Highlands constituted “the country of the Fians,” (Testimony of Tradition, p. 45.)]

[Footnote 47:  Miss Dempster:  “The Folk-Lore of Sutherlandshire,” Folk-Lore Journal, vol. vi. 1888, p. 174.]

[Footnote 48:  Proc. of the Soc. of Antiq. of Scot., vol. vii. p. 294.]

[Footnote 49:  Proc.  Soc.  Antiq.  Scot., vol. vii. pp. 165 and 192.]

[Footnote 50:  “They are plainly no other than the Peihts, Picts, or Piks ... the Scandinavian writers generally call the Piks Peti, or Pets:  one of them uses the term Petia, instead of Pictland (Saxo-Gram.); and, besides, the frith that divides Orkney from Caithness is usually denominated Petland Fiord in the Icelandic Sagas or histories.” (Barry’s Orkney, p. 115.)]