[Footnote 18:  Sigar’s storm—­periphrasis for a sea-fight.]

[Footnote 19:  Grieve, i.e., bailiff, head workman.]

[Footnote 20:  Swanbath’s beams, periphrasis for gold.]

[Footnote 21:  “Thou, that heapest hoards,” etc.—­merely a periphrasis for man, and scarcely fitting, except in irony, to a splitter of firewood.]

[Footnote 22:  That is, slew him in a duel.]

[Footnote 23:  This shows that the shields were oblong, running down to a point.]

[Footnote 24:  “Ocean’s fire,” a periphrasis for “gold”.  The whole line is a periphrasis for “bountiful chief".]

[Footnote 25:  “Rhine’s fire,” a periphrasis for gold.]

[Footnote 26:  “Water-skates,” a periphrasis for ships.]

[Footnote 27:  “Great Rift,” Almannagja—­The great volcanic rift, or “geo,” as it would be called in Orkney and Shetland, which bounds the plain of the Althing on one side.]

[Footnote 28:  Thorgrim Easterling and Thorbrand.]

[Footnote 29:  “Frodi’s flour,” a periphrasis for gold.]

[Footnote 30:  “Sea’s bright sunbeams,” a periphrasis for gold.]

[Footnote 31:  Constantinople.]

[Footnote 32:  Hlada or Lada, and sometimes in the plural Ladir, was the old capital of Drontheim, before Nidaios—­the present Drontheim—­was founded.  Drontheim was originally the name of the country round the firth of the same name, and is not used in the old Sagas for a town.]

[Footnote 33:  The country round the Christiania Firth, at the top of the “Bay".]

[Footnote 34:  A town in Sweden on the Goeta-Elf.]

[Footnote 35:  The mainland of Orkney, now Pomona.]

[Footnote 36:  Now Stroma, in the Pentland Firth.]

[Footnote 37:  By so doing Hrapp would have cleared himself of his own outlawry.]

[Footnote 38:  “Prop of sea-waves’ fire,” a periphrasis for a woman that bears gold on her arm.]

[Footnote 39:  “Skates that skim,” etc., a periphrasis for ships.]

[Footnote 40:  “Odin’s mocking cup,” mocking songs.]

[Footnote 41:  An allusion to the Beast Epic, where the cunning fox laughs at the flayed condition of his stupid foes, the wolf and bear.  We should say, “Don’t stop to speak with him, but rather beat him black and blue".]

[Footnote 42:  “Sea-stag,” periphrasis for ship.]

[Footnote 43:  “Sea-fire bearers,” the bearers of gold, men, that is, Helgi and Grim.]

[Footnote 44:  “Byrnie-breacher,” piercer of coats of mail.]

[Footnote 45:  “Noisy ogre’s namesake,” an allusion to the name of Skarphedinn’s axe, “the ogress of war".]

[Footnote 46:  Rood-cross, a crucifix.]

[Footnote 47:  His son was Glum who fared to the burning with Flosi.]

[Footnote 48:  “Forge which foams with song,” the poet’s head, in which songs are forged, and gush forth like foaming mead.]