ring, there may be two rings hanging to the second one.  In fact, there are varieties of ways in which the fancy of the wearer and the number of rings he possesses will cause him to wear them.  They are worn by both men and women. [46] They may be seen in several plates, but unfortunately are not very clear.  The most distinct are, I think, those worn by the second woman from the left in Plate 26 and the woman on the left in Plate 28.  The second woman from the left in the frontispiece has two of them hanging from her right ear.

Pigs’ tails, similar to those worn from the hair, are also worn by both men and women, especially the latter, suspended from the ears; and here again they vary much in length, and are often decorated with tassel-like hanging ornaments of shells, beads, etc.

Forehead ornaments (Plate 30, Fig 5) are made by men and worn by them at dances.  This ornament is a band, very slightly curved, which is worn across the forehead, just under and surrounding the basis of the dancing feathers.  It is generally about 16 inches long and between 4 and 5 inches broad in the middle, from which it narrows somewhat towards the ends.  Its manufacture consists of a ground basis of the material of belt No. 5, into which are interplaited in geometric patterns the two black and yellow and brown materials which are used for belt No. 6.  It is fixed on to the forehead by means of strings attached to its two ends, and passing round, and tied at the back of, the head.

Nose ornaments.  These are straight pencil-shaped pieces of shell, generally about 6 inches long, which are passed through the hole in the septum of the nose.  They are only worn at dances and on special occasions; but the people from time to time insert bits of wood or cane or bone or some other thing into the hole for the purpose of keeping it open.  There are temporary pegs in the noses of the fifth man to the left in Plate 9 and the man in Plate 10.  The nose ornament is worn by the woman to the extreme right in the frontispiece.

Necklaces and straight pendants, suspended from the neck and hanging over the chest, are common, though they are not usually worn in anything approaching the profusion seen in Mekeo and on the coast.  These are made chiefly of shells of various sorts (cut or whole), dogs’ teeth and beads, as in Mekeo.  The shells include the cowries and the small closely packed overlapping cut shells so generally used in Mekeo for necklaces, and the flat disc-like shell sections, which are here, as in Mekeo, specially used for straight hanging pendants; also those lovely large crescent-shaped discs of pearl shell, which are well known to New Guinea travellers.  The shells are, of course, all obtained directly or indirectly from the coast; in fact, these are some of the chief articles for which the mountain people exchange their stone implements and special mountain feathers, so the similarity in the ornaments is to be expected; but it is only