The Mafulu eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 349 pages of information about The Mafulu.

The Mafulu eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 349 pages of information about The Mafulu.

2.  Other irregular verbs are the following.  Only those forms known are entered.

Aitodede, to run:  imperat. attode, infin. aitode(me). ando and ande, to be there:  fut. andetsi, imperat. ande, subj. ando, and ande. bole, to leave:  past, bo(le), imperat. bo(le). ete, to tell:  past, ete and elete, imperat. eta and ta. faduatsiete, to ache (head):  fut. faduatatsi. iei, to throw:  fut. iatsi, imperat. ia. indi, to give;, imperat. i(nde), subj. i(ndi). ingale, to carry (on shoulder):  past, ingala and inge, imperat. inga, subj. ingo. itede and ito, to lay down:  past, ito and ita, near past, itova, imperat. ito. songe, to go:  pres. and past, se, near past, sova, imperat. so(nge), subj. so, interrog. sona? sue, to walk, go:  pres. sue, fut. susuetsi. utsisi, to draw:  fut. utsist, imperat. ude.

Note (1).  The verbs ando and ito are not yet accurately understood.

(2).  The verb ete has a double conjugation, the initial e being retained or omitted at will.  The past elete is used in reporting the words of another person.

(3).  The verb faduatsiete is a type of several verbs which end in ete, preceded by the syllable tsi.  All these appear to lose tsi in the future, although some have both forms.

Ex. kiovatsiete, to cry (of black parrot):  fut. kiovatatsi and kiovatsitatsi. puatsiete, to make a cracking noise:  fut. puatatsi and puatsiatsi.

(4).  The verb sue in the meaning “go away” always has ga.

Ex. nu ga sua? na ga sua, are you going away?  I am going away.

The verb angege, to go, in the past tense has the particle ga prefixed to the verb instead of suffixed to the pronoun.

Ex. na nul etsi ganga, I went to your village.

XII.  Notes on Some Verbs.

1. Tede and i.

There is a difference in the meaning of the verbs tede, (ete) and i, both used for “do” or “make.”  The first is used when the object by which one obtains the action is indicated, the second is used when the action only is expressed, and might then be translated by the phrase “to go to work, to set about.”

Ex. olon’ete, to snore, make a sound with the olo(ne hole, i.e., the nostrils, ung’ul ‘olo. na (melauk’) i koitsi, I shall do the thing wrong.

2. Gege, angege, engege, songe.

All of these have the general meaning of “go.”  Their differences are not yet clearly understood. Engege appears to mean “go up.” Songe is specially employed when the following phrase indicates a final proposition, or an answer to the questions “Where do you come from?” or “Where are you going?”

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The Mafulu from Project Gutenberg. Public domain.