Obj. 2:  Further, the Apostle says (Rom. 7:8):  “Sin taking occasion by the commandment wrought in me all manner of concupiscence”; on which words a gloss says that “the law is good, since by forbidding concupiscence, it forbids all evils,” the reason for which is that concupiscence is the cause of every sin.  Now concupiscence is a distinct passion from love, as stated above (Q. 3, A. 2; Q. 23, A. 4).  Therefore self-love is not the cause of every sin.

Obj. 3:  Further, Augustine in commenting on Ps. 79:17, “Things set on fire and dug down,” says that “every sin is due either to love arousing us to undue ardor or to fear inducing false humility.”  Therefore self-love is not the only cause of sin.

Obj. 4:  Further, as man sins at times through inordinate love of self, so does he sometimes through inordinate love of his neighbor.  Therefore self-love is not the cause of every sin.

On the contrary, Augustine says (De Civ.  Dei xiv, 28) that “self-love, amounting to contempt of God, builds up the city of Babylon.”  Now every sin makes man a citizen of Babylon.  Therefore self-love is the cause of every sin.

I answer that, As stated above (Q. 75, A. 1), the proper and direct cause of sin is to be considered on the part of the adherence to a mutable good; in which respect every sinful act proceeds from inordinate desire for some temporal good.  Now the fact that anyone desires a temporal good inordinately, is due to the fact that he loves himself inordinately; for to wish anyone some good is to love him.  Therefore it is evident that inordinate love of self is the cause of every sin.

Reply Obj. 1:  Well ordered self-love, whereby man desires a fitting good for himself, is right and natural; but it is inordinate self-love, leading to contempt of God, that Augustine (De Civ.  Dei xiv, 28) reckons to be the cause of sin.

Reply Obj. 2:  Concupiscence, whereby a man desires good for himself, is reduced to self-love as to its cause, as stated.

Reply Obj. 3:  Man is said to love both the good he desires for himself, and himself to whom he desires it.  Love, in so far as it is directed to the object of desire (e.g. a man is said to love wine or money) admits, as its cause, fear which pertains to avoidance of evil:  for every sin arises either from inordinate desire for some good, or from inordinate avoidance of some evil.  But each of these is reduced to self-love, since it is through loving himself that man either desires good things, or avoids evil things.

Reply Obj. 4:  A friend is like another self (Ethic. ix):  wherefore the sin which is committed through love for a friend, seems to be committed through self-love. ________________________

FIFTH ARTICLE [I-II, Q. 77, Art. 5]

Whether Concupiscence of the Flesh, Concupiscence of the Eyes, and
Pride of Life Are Fittingly Described As Causes of Sin?

Objection 1:  It would seem that “concupiscence of the flesh, concupiscence of the eyes, and pride of life” are unfittingly described as causes of sin.  Because, according to the Apostle (1 Tim. 6:10), “covetousness [Douay:  ‘The desire of money’] is the root of all evils.”  Now pride of life is not included in covetousness.  Therefore it should not be reckoned among the causes of sin.