Secondly, both fruits and fleshly works as enumerated may be considered singly, each according to its specific nature.  And in this they are not of necessity contrary each to each:  because, as stated above (A. 3, ad 4), the Apostle did not intend to enumerate all the works, whether spiritual or carnal.  However, by a kind of adaptation, Augustine, commenting on Gal. 5:22, 23, contrasts the fruits with the carnal works, each to each.  Thus “to fornication, which is the love of satisfying lust outside lawful wedlock, we may contrast charity, whereby the soul is wedded to God:  wherein also is true chastity.  By uncleanness we must understand whatever disturbances arise from fornication:  and to these the joy of tranquillity is opposed.  Idolatry, by reason of which war was waged against the Gospel of God, is opposed to peace.  Against witchcrafts, enmities, contentions, emulations, wraths and quarrels, there is longsuffering, which helps us to bear the evils inflicted on us by those among whom we dwell; while kindness helps us to cure those evils; and goodness, to forgive them.  In contrast to heresy there is faith; to envy, mildness; to drunkenness and revellings, contingency.”

Reply Obj. 1:  That which proceeds from a tree against the tree’s nature, is not called its fruit, but rather its corruption.  And since works of virtue are connatural to reason, while works of vice are contrary to nature, therefore it is that works of virtue are called fruits, but not so works of vice.

Reply Obj. 2:  “Good happens in one way, evil in all manner of ways,” as Dionysius says (Div.  Nom. iv):  so that to one virtue many vices are contrary.  Consequently we must not be surprised if the works of the flesh are more numerous than the fruits of the spirit.

The Reply to the Third Objection is clear from what has been said.
________________________

EVIL HABITS, i.e.  VICES AND SINS (QQ. 71-89)
________________________

QUESTION 71

OF VICE AND SIN CONSIDERED IN THEMSELVES
(In Six Articles)

We have in the next place to consider vice and sin:  about which six points have to be considered:  (1) Vice and sin considered in themselves; (2) their distinction; (3) their comparison with one another; (4) the subject of sin; (5) the cause of sin; (6) the effect of sin.

Under the first head there are six points of inquiry: 

(1) Whether vice is contrary to virtue?

(2) Whether vice is contrary to nature?

(3) Which is worse, a vice or a vicious act?

(4) Whether a vicious act is compatible with virtue?

(5) Whether every sin includes action?

(6) Of the definition of sin proposed by Augustine (Contra Faust. xxii):  “Sin is a word, deed, or desire against the eternal law.” ________________________

FIRST ARTICLE [I-II, Q. 71, Art. 1]

Whether Vice Is Contrary to Virtue?