Summa Theologica, Part I-II (Pars Prima Secundae) eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 1,748 pages of information about Summa Theologica, Part I-II (Pars Prima Secundae).

Summa Theologica, Part I-II (Pars Prima Secundae) eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 1,748 pages of information about Summa Theologica, Part I-II (Pars Prima Secundae).

Reply Obj. 1:  Gregory of Nyssa [Nemesius] is speaking of sorrow on the part of the evil that causes it, but not on the part of the subject that feels and rejects the evil.  And from this point of view, all shun sorrow, inasmuch as they shun evil:  but they do not shun the perception and rejection of evil.  The same also applies to bodily pain:  because the perception and rejection of bodily evil is the proof of the goodness of nature.

This suffices for the Replies to the Second and Third Objections.
________________________

SECOND ARTICLE [I-II, Q. 39, Art. 2]

Whether Sorrow Can Be a Virtuous Good?

Objection 1:  It would seem that sorrow is not a virtuous good.  For that which leads to hell is not a virtuous good.  But, as Augustine says (Gen. ad lit. xii, 33), “Jacob seems to have feared lest he should be troubled overmuch by sorrow, and so, instead of entering into the rest of the blessed, be consigned to the hell of sinners.”  Therefore sorrow is not a virtuous good.

Obj. 2:  Further, the virtuous good is praiseworthy and meritorious.  But sorrow lessens praise or merit:  for the Apostle says (2 Cor. 9:7):  “Everyone, as he hath determined in his heart, not with sadness, or of necessity.”  Therefore sorrow is not a virtuous good.

Obj. 3:  Further, as Augustine says (De Civ.  Dei xiv, 15), “sorrow is concerned about those things which happen against our will.”  But not to will those things which are actually taking place, is to have a will opposed to the decree of God, to Whose providence whatever is done is subject.  Since, then, conformity of the human to the Divine will is a condition of the rectitude of the will, as stated above (Q. 19, A. 9), it seems that sorrow is incompatible with rectitude of the will, and that consequently it is not virtuous.

On the contrary, Whatever merits the reward of eternal life is virtuous.  But such is sorrow; as is evident from Matt. 5:5:  “Blessed are they that mourn, for they shall be comforted.”  Therefore sorrow is a virtuous good.

I answer that, In so far as sorrow is good, it can be a virtuous good.  For it has been said above (A. 1) that sorrow is a good inasmuch as it denotes perception and rejection of evil.  These two things, as regards bodily pain, are a proof of the goodness of nature, to which it is due that the senses perceive, and that nature shuns, the harmful thing that causes pain.  As regards interior sorrow, perception of the evil is sometimes due to a right judgment of reason; while the rejection of the evil is the act of the will, well disposed and detesting that evil.  Now every virtuous good results from these two things, the rectitude of the reason and the will.  Wherefore it is evident that sorrow may be a virtuous good.

Reply Obj. 1:  All the passions of the soul should be regulated according to the rule of reason, which is the root of the virtuous good; but excessive sorrow, of which Augustine is speaking, oversteps this rule, and therefore it fails to be a virtuous good.

Copyrights
Project Gutenberg
Summa Theologica, Part I-II (Pars Prima Secundae) from Project Gutenberg. Public domain.