81.  Q. How should the test for a leaky exhaust pipe joint, or a leaky nozzle joint be made?

A. About the only test that can be made on the road is to open the front end and reverse the engine with throttle partly opened, watching the suspected joint at the same time.  For the bottom one with cinders around the joint, for the top one it can sometimes be detected by holding a torch near the joint.

82.  Q. What should be done if a steam chest cracks?

A. Would loosen up the steam chest cover to free the sides, and wedge between the studs and walls of chest, crowding the broken parts together.  A brake shoe key does this nicely.  Would then tighten down on steam chest cover and proceed.

83.  Q. What should be done if a steam chest breaks?

A. Would take off steam chest cover, place strips of boards over the steam inlets and block on top of them so that the steam chest cover would hold them in place and prevent live steam coming out of inlet.  Would then make the necessary disconnection and proceed on one side.

84.  Q. If a link lifter or arm were broken, what should be done?

A. Take off the disabled parts, block between the top of the link and link block, having the disabled link blocked down very nearly in full strokes.  For safety, both the top and bottom of the disabled link should have blocks in its slot; the good link would be held in place by the reverse lever and should under no consideration be dropped down any farther than the disabled link was.

85.  Q. If the reverse lever or reach rod should break, what should be done?

A. If either breaks, place an iron bar or suitable piece of material across the top of both frames, securely fastening it in position, then fasten the arm of the tumbling shaft to the bar.  This will require the engine to be worked at about half cut-off; handle such part of the train as the road conditions would permit.

86.  Q. What should be done if the piston, piston rod, cross-head, main rod or crank pin are broken or bent?

A. If a piston should break, would remove broken parts, disconnect valve stem, clamp valve in central position, and if moving piston would not damage cylinder, leave main rod up and proceed.  If a piston rod, cross-head, main rod or crank pin are broken or bent, would take down the main rod, block the valve and cross-head; if piston rod is broken off at the cross-head, leave main rod up.

87.  Q. What should be done when there is a loose or lost cylinder key?

A. If the cylinder key is loose, it should be tightened up; if lost, something should be substituted.  In case nothing solid can be found to take the place of the key, the engine should be run in light to avoid further damage.

88.  Q. What should be done if a safety valve spring or stud breaks?

A. The steam pressure should be reduced.  With broken spring, screw the parts down solid or clamp the stem down.  This can be done by laying a piece of scantling across the top of the valve, fastening each end to the hand rail on opposite sides of the engine in case of broken stud.  Would then raise steam pressure and proceed.  Care should be taken to see that the other safety valves relieve the steam pressure properly.